CURRENT ISSUE

VOLUME 5, ISSUE 2
(DECEMBER 2021)

• English Articles

  
  

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  Sharī’ah Objectives: An Islamic Approach to Human Rights and Dignity

  Hafiz Muhammad Siddique, Sultan Mahmood Khan

  
  

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  Language	English
  Pages Nos :	1-14
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  Sharī’ah Objectives: An Islamic Approach to Human Rights and Dignity

  Author/s:

  Hafiz Muhammad Siddique
  Associate Lecturer, Department of Quran Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  Sultan Mahmood Khan
  Assistant Professor, Department of Quran Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  It is the uniqueness of Islam that confirms the human dignity for every human for just being a human, without any discrimination of race, grace, gender, etc. and there are levels of human dignity in Islam on the basis of piety and virtue, without affecting the rights. It best systemized in Sharī’ah Objectives (Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah) in Islam. These objectives formulate the bases for public interests. Some of the interests are essential related to the existence of the person and the foundations of his life. Some of which comes in the second degree, to be a complement to the previous necessary interests, and helps the person to benefit well from the various aspects of life in behavior, transactions, and the organization of relationships. Finally, there are some interests do not depend on life, and are not related to human needs, but are required by morals, good taste, and sound mind, to secure the wellbeing of the people. Sharī’ah Objectives are the systematic foundations for dealing modern day personal, civil, cultural, social and political matters from Islamic viewpoint.

  Keywords:

  Human Rights, Dignity, Islamic approach of Rights, Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah.

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  The Gift of the Pandemic: The Cognizance through Sīrah

  Moosa Lakhani, Abdul Samad Shaikh

  
  

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  Language	English
  Pages Nos :	15-28
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  The Gift of the Pandemic: The Cognizance through Sīrah

  Author/s:

  Moosa Lakhani
  Doctoral Candidate, Department of Comparative Religion and Islamic Culture, University of Sindh
  Abdul Samad Shaikh
  Assistant Professor/Head, Department of Hadith, Int. Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  The covid 19 pandemic has hit the world very hard. However, winners are the nations who do not lose hope even in the hard times and resolve to even rise from the ashes. This article analyses Pakistan's situation in the pandemic and the government's efforts and support for the people in these challenging times Pakistan has faced. The main emphasis is made on the significance of Sīrah in various segments of a state, including the situation of a pandemic. Research is presented on an optimistic approach of using the Solow-swan model to predict the possibility of economic growth in the long run only if we stick to the teachings from the Sīrah of the Last Prophet (peace be upon him). The interesting segment of the article is that it includes gifts of the pandemic that spots the positive side of the pandemic situation. The paper concludes itself with strong logical and spiritual arguments that the Qur’ān and Sīrah of the Prophet Muhammad (upon whom be peace) are the only guiding light to keep people going and be prosperous here and in the life hereafter.

  Keywords:

  Pandemic, Solow-swan Model, Pakistan's Situation, Sīrah.

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  Ottomans’ Treatment with Other Religious Communities: An Appraisal

  Muhammad Abid Nadeem, Saeed Ahmed Saeedi

  
  

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  Language	English
  Pages Nos :	29-42
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  Ottomans’ Treatment with Other Religious Communities: An Appraisal

  Author/s:

  Muhammad Abid Nadeem
  Associate Professor, Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
  Saeed Ahmed Saeedi
  Assistant Professor, Institute of Islamic Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  Vast empires have diversity and complexity of culture in terms of religion and ethnicity. This diversity may be problematic in developing social bonds. Loyalty to state may also become betrayal. Addressing such issues, endeavors have to be made, both at government and social level. Fascinated by the government policy, a strong social fraternity may be generated. The rulers’ mind set is manifested in their behavior towards other religious and ethnic groups. Ottomans inspired by the Islamic teachings formulated policies to develop mutual co-existence in the areas under their control. Successful functioning of a state stretched in three continents was through mutual coordination among the communal entities. The regime outlived for more than six centuries with all this diversity. This could be possible by the confidence of all sections of the society in their ruling regime. The article underlines the social ties as well as official policies towards all factions of the Ottoman establishment.

  Keywords:

  Mutual Co-existence, Dhimmīs, Sate, Millet, Christians, Jews, Muslims, Devshirme, Freedom, Language

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• Urdu Articles

  
  

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  رحمت و عدل کا قرآنی تصور اور عصری معنویت
  Qurʻānic Concept of Mercy and Justice and Its Current Ideality

  Shabbir Ahmad, Abdul Ghaffar

  
  

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  Language :	Urdu
  Pages Nos :	1-20
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  رحمت و عدل کا قرآنی تصور اور عصری معنویت
  Qurʻānic Concept of Mercy and Justice and Its Current Ideality

  Author/s:

  Shabbir Ahmad
  Asistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  Abdul Ghaffar
  Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  Email: abdul.ghaffar@iub.edu.pk

  Abstract:

  The scholars know that mercy and justice are very important to human life. According to the Quran, the system of the universe is also based on the mercy and justice. This article is written in order to illustrate the purposes of Allah’s mercy and justice, the balance between them and the priority of mutual preference in the light of Islam and its primary source .Therefor the welfare of human beings is not possible in these systems. Although the idea of mercy and justice is perverse in all religions and civilizations, both modern and ancient, but they are always subjected to individual purposes due to a lack of ideological foundation and a straight path. In democracy, financial and political exploitation is conducted in the name of freedom and in the theory of socialism is the unmatched equation and denial of liberty. In this wright it has been proved that contrary to democracy and socialism in the Islamic system is the rule of mercy and justice and there is no scope for any kind of oppression.

  Keywords:

  Quranic, Islam, Justice, Mercy, Human beings, Universe, Religions, civilizations, socialism, democracy.

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  ملتان کی تعلیمی ترقی میں مسیحی تعلیمی اداروں کے کردار کا تحقیقی جائزہ
  Research on the Role of Christian Educational Institutions in the Educational Development of Multan

  Muhammad Irfan Wahid, Prof. Abdul Quddus Suhaib

  
  

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  Language :	Urdu
  Pages Nos :	19-32
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  ملتان کی تعلیمی ترقی میں مسیحی تعلیمی اداروں کے کردار کا تحقیقی جائزہ
  Research on the Role of Christian Educational Institutions in the Educational Development of Multan

  Author/s:

  Muhammad Irfan Wahid
  Doctoral candidate, Department of Islamic Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
  Prof. Abdul Quddus Suhaib
  Professor and Chairman, Department of Islamic Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  Teaching is an old and Nobel profession. This profession helps in nurturing the mankind and makes reforms in a society by promoting high moral values. Mankind owes it is worth to knowledge. Knowledge makes us differentiate between the good and bad, and helps us to find our Creator. Both Islam and Christianity have given prime importance to education. The Christian minority have been thriving in Multan for generations. It goes without saying that the Christian minority have played a vital role in promoting education. These educational institutions have been working for a long time now. Their services are not only benefitting the Christian and Muslim students with their academic life, but they are also promoting the Muslim-Christian Relations. Interreligious agreements are essential to establish harmony in any society, and these educational institutions are vital for it.

  Keywords:

  Education development, Christainity, Harmony.

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  عصری طبی مسائل میں استحسان کی تطبیقات: ایک جائزہ
  Applications of Istehsan in Contemporary Medical Issues: An Appraisal

  Minhajullah, Prof. Mohyuddin Hashmi

  
  

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  Language :	Urdu
  Pages Nos :	33-48
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  عصری طبی مسائل میں استحسان کی تطبیقات: ایک جائزہ
  Applications of Istehsan in Contemporary Medical Issues: An Appraisal

  Author/s:

  Minhajullah
  Doctoral Candidate, Faculty of Arabic and Islamic Studies Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan
  Email: minhaj5239952@gmail.com
  Prof. Mohyuddin Hashmi
  Faculty of Arabic and Islamic Studies Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  Due to the increase in the number of accidents and diseases, new methods of treatment have been discovered. Medicine has been further divided into new branches, which is why the need for doctors is increasing day by day. Due to the rapid development in the medical field Problems have arisen. Due to the growing need for treatment, even unfamiliar people have entered this field for the sake of gaining wealth, alcohol has become an essential component in medicine. Because of the shortage of doctors, in some areas women are forced to seek treatment from male doctors for their special diseases, even to the point of delivery. In these issues, if the general rules and conjectures of Shari’ah are applied, then the safety of human life is at stake along with the harm to the people. Therefore, in order to save the people from harm and to achieve the objectives of Shariah, it was felt to apply Istihsan in these issues. In this article, the principle of istihsan has been applied to modern medical problems.

  Keywords:

  Istihsan, Application, Treatment, Medicine, Contemporary Issues.

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  مروّجہ مشینی مذبوح پرتحفظات کا قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں تنقیدی جائزہ
  Critical Review of Reservations on Slaughtering Animals by Machine in the light of Qur‘ān and Sunnah

  Muhammad Khubaib, Muhammad Afzal

  
  

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  Language :	Urdu
  Pages Nos :	49-66
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  مروّجہ مشینی مذبوح پرتحفظات کا قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں تنقیدی جائزہ
  Critical Review of Reservations on Slaughtering Animals by Machine in the light of Qur‘ān and Sunnah

  Author/s:

  Muhammad Khubaib
  Assistant Professor, Department of World Religions and Interfaith Harmony, Faculty of Islamic Learning, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  Muhammad Afzal
  Assistant Professor, Institute of Islamic Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  The present paper aims at clarifying confusions about slaughtering animals through machine in the light of sharia. In our present day and age, the method of mechanical slaughter has become a common practice. According to Islamic Shar’iah, the person present may say Bismillah from any position and allow the vessels to be severed by the sharp instrument thus causing blood to flow. Whether this is done personally or by the machine, both cause the Zibah to be Halal. There is no reason to condemn mechanical slaughter as un-Islamic and its Zabiha as Haram, since the sharp blade of the machine is severing the vessels. While this is happening, a Muslim is reading Tasmiyah with the intention of Zibah, thus no valid reason can be found to make mechanical slaughter Haraam.

  Keywords:

  Qur‘ān, Sunnah, Shar’iah, Salaughter, Muslim, Halal, Haraam.

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  معاشرتی مذہبی عدم برداشت اور اسوہ ِرسول کے تقاضے
  ( قرآنی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں مطالعہ)
  Social Religious Intolerance and the Model of the Holy Prophet (A Special Study in the Light of Quranic Teachings)

  Muhammad Farman Ali, Muhammad Saleem

  
  

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  Language :	Urdu
  Pages Nos :	67-78
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  معاشرتی مذہبی عدم برداشت اور اسوہ ِرسول کے تقاضے
  ( قرآنی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں مطالعہ)
  Social Religious Intolerance and the Model of the Holy Prophet (A Special Study in the Light of Quranic Teachings)

  Author/s:

  Muhammad Farman Ali
  Doctoral Candidate, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
  Muhammad Saleem
  Chairman, Department of Islamic Studies, Emerson University Multan, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  There has been absence of tolerance and patience in the human society for centuries. The Almighty Allah raised Prophets for the settlement of well disciplined and peaceful society. But most of the communities are still unsuccessful. One of the many reasons is lack of religious tolerance in the society. This subject is written to decrease the degree of this reason. The solution to this problem is concealed in the “Practices of The Rasool”. These practices are extracted from the Holy Quran.Whenever some Rasool was sent to his nation, he preached his public with the Devine message. But the chiefs of the public ever opposed them. This is because most of the people followed their chiefs instead of the Rasools. The Rasools were called as poets, fanatical, priests, stupid or liars. They refused Allah’s message and preferred their chiefs’ words. They considered Allah’s messages false and killed the Rasools and their followers. On the other hand the Rasools and their followers showed tolerance and they did not hurt any non-Muslim. However all the Rasools prepared their nations with religious freedom for the Day of decision. The Rasool said, “O’ my people! You keep on your own practices, I shall do myself. Very soon you will come to know who is better in the hereafter life.”

  Keywords:

  religious tolerance, religious freedom, Devine message, peaceful society.

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  خلافت راشدہ کی داخلی حکمت عملی کے خدو خال ایک تحقیقی جائزہ
  An Exploratory Review of the Internal Strategy of the Righteous Caliphate

  Irshad Hussain, Muhammad Hamid Raza

  
  

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  Language :	Urdu
  Pages Nos :	79-92
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  خلافت راشدہ کی داخلی حکمت عملی کے خدو خال ایک تحقیقی جائزہ
  An Exploratory Review of the Internal Strategy of the Righteous Caliphate

  Author/s:

  Irshad Hussain
  Doctoral Candidate, Department of Islamic and Arabic Studies, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan
  Muhammad Hamid Raza
  Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic and Arabic Studies, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  An Islamic state is a state that claims to establish the system of divine sovereignty and the caliphate of Minhaj-al-Nabwa with its implications. In obedience to the divine command, the defense, political, social and economic affairs of the state of Madinah were decided in consultation with the Majlis-e-Shura, despite the fact that you did not need any advice due to the guidance of revelation. All the internal and external policies of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) were based on welfare and become a peace country but in first days of the region of the Abu Bakar sidiq, the state was suffering from internal and external disturbances. While the apostate movement was on the rise internally and externally, the state was suffering from internal disturbances. When Hazrat Abu Bakr handed over the reins of the state to Hazrat Omar, the state was stable internally and externally. Then Hazrat Umar bin Khattab handed over a very stable and strong government to Hazrat Uthman as compared to his predecessor. But the martyrdom of Hazrat Uthman made the state hollow internally and externally. Hazrat Ali ul-Mur Tazi also raised his swords to crush the internal and external anarchy of the state. The reforms carried out by the Rightly Guided Caliphs in the scientific, economic, political, social, military and defense systems brought about a revolution in the field of politics as well as enlightened the world about the political system in which the worldly development and ultimate welfare of humanity is hidden.

  Keywords:

  Islamic and welfare state, Internal Policy, Caliphs, Political System Humanity

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  اصلاح معاشرہ میں ماں اور گھر کا کردار سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں
  The Role of Mother and Home in Reformation of Society in the Light of Seerah

  Khadija Bibi, Muhammad Saleem Awan

  
  

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  Language :	Urdu
  Pages Nos :	93-104
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  اصلاح معاشرہ میں ماں اور گھر کا کردار سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں
  The Role of Mother and Home in Reformation of Society in the Light of Seerah

  Author/s:

  Khadija Bibi
  Department of Islamic Studies and Comparative Religions. The Women University
  Muhammad Saleem Awan
  Chairman, Department of Islamic Studies, Emerson University Multan, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  The basic unit of society is home and family. An ideal society is created when the environment of the house is clean and piety. Mother is the queen of the house and new generations are born from the lap of the mother and she grows up in her hands. The mother and the home are the guarantors of Islam have given honour and dignity to woman. Woman is a mother and child is the way to paradise and home is a training ground where the personality of the child is brightened and refined. In this training centre children become good and successful human beings. From the earliest stages of the child's womb to childhood, he sees and learns from the mother and the home. It is up to the mother how she raises her child and how she provides a good environment for the child. The home is the first institution for the upbringing and training of the child. The role of mother and home in the ideal age of Prophet Hood and Islam was very prominent and ideal in terms of reforming society. In the light of Sira-un-Nabi, the role of family, mother and home will be highlighted in the context of training of individuals in a reformed society.

  Keywords:

  Mother, House, Training, Upbringing, Learning, Society.

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  تفسیر اشاری کے جواز و عدم جواز کا اختصاصی مطالعہ
  Peculiar Study on legitimacy and illegitimacy of Tafsir-e-Ishārī

  Sumaira Ashraf

  
  

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  Language :	Urdu
  Pages Nos :	105-122
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  تفسیر اشاری کے جواز و عدم جواز کا اختصاصی مطالعہ
  Peculiar Study on legitimacy and illegitimacy of Tafsir-e-Ishārī

  Author/s:

  Sumaira Ashraf
  MPhil Scholar, Department of Islamic Learning, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  The Qur’ān is a source of guidance and reformation, and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the first annotator who has openly described its perfections, miracles and wonders. From the era of companions till date, the conciliators, in the light of sayings of the Prophet (peace be upon him), have been referring to the Qur’ān for the solution to all sorts of problems. The interpreters have gathered both ostensible and spiritual knowledge in exegesis so that Quranic guidance can be sought in all matters to become a source of purity of heart and mind. The spiritual meanings of the Qur’ān are those intuitive sayings or commands which, by the grace of the Almighty, are endowed upon the saints in the form of unveiling visions due to their prayers and mystical exercises. These differ from the apparent or physical meaning, and acting upon them is not mandatory. However, it is essential to follow them to experience spiritual enlightenment; this is what Tafsir-e-Ishārī is about. That has played a significant role in the spiritual development of Muslim Ummah. This research article is an attempt to present comprehensive discourse on Tafsir-e-Ishārī. It begins with a detailed introduction to Tafsir-e-Ishārī, along with its types. Then, some statements by renowned scholars are quoted that authenticate Tafsir-e-Ishārī. In addition, a comprehensive discussion on the legitimacy of Tafsir-e-Ishārī is presented with verses from the Qur’ān, Aḥadith, sayings of companions and practice of the companions in this regard. Moreover, conditions that distinguish Tafsir-e-Ishārī from the foul exegesis are also referred to make the discourse comprehensive. In the end, various aspects of Tafsir-e-Ishārī are highlighted, and arguments on the illegitimacy of Tafsir-e-Ishārī are also mentioned with their respective answers. Finally, this thorough research concludes itself with some logical validations of the tafsir and some samples from the Arabic exegeses. In all the eras, the exegetes and saints have written exegeses according to the rules of Tafsir-e-Ishārī. These exegeses describe the mystical interpretation of faith, prayers and other related matters, which can provide ideal guidance in every matter of life because Tafsir-e-Ishārī is a source of guidance and tranquility of heart for all the time period.

  Keywords:

  Tafsir-e-Ishārī, Arabic Exegeses, Mystical Interpretation, Unveiling Visions.

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• Arabic Articles

  
  

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  الاستشراق ومنهجه في علوم القرآن الكريم
  Orientalism and its Approach in the Sciences of the Qur’ān

  Amtul Aziz, Abubakar Siddique Abdul Ghaffar

  
  

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  Language :	Arabic
  Pages Nos :	1-12
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	1

  Title:

  الاستشراق ومنهجه في علوم القرآن الكريم
  Orientalism and its Approach in the Sciences of the Qur’ān

  Author/s:

  Amtul Aziz
  Assistant Professor, Department of Tafseer and Quranic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  Abubakar Siddique Abdul Ghaffar
  Doctoral Candidate, Department of Arabic, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  Scholars of the Indian subcontinent have rendered excellent scholarly services in the Quranic exegesis. They always focused on studying the sciences of the Qur’ān and its interpretation, as these sciences serve the Quranic knowledge and help in understanding the purposes and teachings of the Holy Book. The exegeses from these scholars include various approaches and viewpoints, such as the approach of orientalists and modernists in the field of interpretation and Quranic sciences. Orientalists found an opportunity to introduce their approaches and opinions in Quranic Sciences. Qur’ān has been the central point of their research, analysis and critical studies. Hence, Muslim scholars discussed their practices in their exegeses. They debated these orientalists and responded to them with various viewpoints based on religious zest and critical principles and research. This research paper deals with the method of orientalists, their publications, analysis and investigations in the field of the Quranic sciences. The authors introduced orientalists with their introduction, historical development and types. The article includes a great deal of discussion on various orientalists' approaches in the Quranic sciences. Likewise, the endeavours of the Muslim scholars in addressing their approaches and criticizing their favourable or unfavourable opinions, as well as discussing their suspicious or proven information because all orientalists were not on a valid approach; some of them were fair, some of them exceeded the limit, and some of them tried to create doubts. The comprehensive research work and squarely coverage of the subject make this article worth reading and a significant add-on to the Quranic sciences literature

  Keywords:

  Quran, Quranic Sciences, Orientlists, Sub continent, Muslim Scholars.

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  المرويات التفسيرية للسيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها في تصحيح العقيدة
  Exegetical Narrations of Sayyedah Ayesha in the regarding Rectification of Faith

  Sadia Gul, Iffat Batool

  
  

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  Language :	Arabic
  Pages Nos :	13-28
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  المرويات التفسيرية للسيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها في تصحيح العقيدة
  Exegetical Narrations of Sayyedah Ayesha in the regarding Rectification of Faith

  Author/s:

  Sadia Gul
  Associate Lecturer, Department of Tafseer and Quranic Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
  Iffat Batool
  Lecturer, Department of Tafseer and Quranic Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
  Email: iffat.batool@iiu.edu.pk

  Abstract:

  Faith is always considered a base upon which the nations' edifice stands. Islam puts particular focus on the fundamental doctrine as it drives the lives of individuals and nations. Hence, the first objective of the prophethood was the establishment of true faith. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) devoted his whole life to the reform and strengthening of the faith, whether in connection with the Invisible or with the day-to-day affairs of believers. Along with the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), his companions played a vital role in this regard. Not only men, but also women have contributed greatly. Sayyedah Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her), the devout wife of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), stood at the front for the promulgation of the Islamic faith. This article sheds light on the vital role of Sayyedah Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) in the rectification of Aqeeda. The researcher presented the excellence of Sayyedah Ayesha in the context of her memory, Arabic poetry and linguistics. Moreover, her greatness in Quranic Exeges with all its relevant subjects is also elaborated categorically. The article analyzes the exegetical narrations of Sayyedah Ayesha in the classical works of Tafseer and various issues of faith. The research highlights the status of Sayyedah Ayesha along with her scholarly characteristics and her vigilant endeavours in the genre of Tafseer.

  Keywords:

  Sayyedah Ayesha, Exegetical Narrations, Faith, Rectification.

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  تنظيم السوق في المدينة المنورة في العهد النبوي وأثره في النشاط التجاري وتنظيمه (دراسة تاريخية حضارية)
  The Formation of the Market of Medina at the Prophet's era and its impact on Commercial Activity and Organization

  Abdul Qadir Abdul Karim Gondal

  
  

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  Language :	Arabic
  Pages Nos :	29-42
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  تنظيم السوق في المدينة المنورة في العهد النبوي وأثره في النشاط التجاري وتنظيمه (دراسة تاريخية حضارية)
  The Formation of the Market of Medina at the Prophet's era and its impact on Commercial Activity and Organization

  Author/s:

  Abdul Qadir Abdul Karim Gondal
  Assistant Professor, Department of Usool ud Din, IIU Islamabad, Pakistan

  Abstract:

  The Prophet's migration to Medina marked a great turning point in the history of humanity and the Muslim Ummah. The Prophet (peace be upon him) has established an autonomous political, economic and social entity on the basis of true faith and worship of one Allah almighty. Therefore, the first action taken by the Prophet (peace be upon him) after the construction of the Mosque was to establish a market for Muslim community, in which they deal on a free basis and to provide them freedom of economic activities. Furthermore, which can preserves the rights of all parties to transaction, protects them from all kinds of monopoly, fraud and exploitation. The Medina market consists of a wide, rectangular square, on which taxes are not taken, nor confined nor petrified, and there was no building in it, nor a canopy. The visitors would disembark in it, they would leave their equipment there and go to the market for their work, and after coming back, they would find their luggage without any shortage. The Prophet (peace be upon him) made great efforts in enlightening and regulating this market, as he set rules, regulations and foundations for dealing in that market in accordance with the comprehensive Islamic vision of the rulings of ḥalāl and ḥarām. Moreover, the Prophet (peace be upon him) personally supervised the behavior of merchants in the market, and he refined trade and the types of economic activity related to it from everything that disturbs it of matters not approved by Sharīah.

  Keywords:

  Autonomous Political, Economic and Social Entity, Sharīah, Medina Market, Muslim Community, Ḥalāl, Ḥarām.

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  الأدوات الأدبیۃ فی تعبیرات الصوفیہ
  Symbols of Literature in the Sufi’s Expression

  Muhammad Saleem

  
  

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  Language :	Arabic
  Pages Nos :	43-56
  Volume :	5
  Issue :	2

  Title:

  الأدوات الأدبیۃ فی تعبیرات الصوفیہ
  Symbols of Literature in the Sufi’s Expression

  Author/s:

  Muhammad Saleem
  Research Officer, Department of Arabic, G.C. University, Faisalabad.

  Abstract:

  This paper that topic is “Symbols of Literature in the Sufies Expression” aims discussing the deep struvture of the Sufi’s literature represented by them, that involves indications, inspiration, meaning and symbols intended by them intentionally or unintentionly. The current research deals with the Sufi symbolism in the works of on the most prominent and greatest Sufi’s figures, sufi’s works are characterized by a special metaphorical language using symbolism of literature, ambiquity and closure as main features, exposing symbolism as a concept in general and from a sufi perspective particularly. The research also attempted to address a group of symbols that Sufi’s employed and adopted their inner meanings to reach his objectives. Then concluded the research by mentioning the most important characteristics that distinguish the language Sufi’s uses.

  Keywords:

  Sufi Symbolism, Sufies Expression, Sufi Perspective.

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