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Kafālah and Foster Care for Abandoned Children in the Light of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

Samia Maqbool Niazi, Prof. Muhammad Zia-ul- Haq

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Language	English
Pages Nos :	1-14
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

Kafālah and Foster Care for Abandoned Children in the Light of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

Author/s:

Samia Maqbool Niazi
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law , International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Eamil: samia.maqbool@iiu.edu.pk
Prof. Muhammad Zia-ul- Haq
Director General of the Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

This research will look at whether the concept of kafālah, which is promoted by some many Muslim countries and has been recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and the 1993 Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Inter-country Adoption (Hague Adoption Convention), and the 2009 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), is applicable to child support. In layman's terms, the phrase refers to carrying another's expenditures, while in fiqh literature; the term kafālah refers to the ideas of surety and guarantee, as well as bail, in the context of criminal law. Does this idea of child support have anything to do with the Arabic word kaf, which means assurance or surety? If this concept is permitted by Sharīʻah, are adults obligated to assist and care for abandoned and underprivileged children? This study will make an effort to define the kind of obligations that the Sharīʻah imposes in such situations. It is well known that Islam forbids adoption. What options for orphanages, foster homes, and other arrangements does the Islamic legal system provide in such a circumstance? The response of Islam must be compared to equivalent institutions developed and put into place in Western civilization.

Keywords:

Kafālah, Sharīʻah, Adoption, CRC, Guarantor.

Role of Sufis and Mystics in Human Education and Character Building: An Appraisal

Faizeh Zehra Mirza

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Language	English
Pages Nos :	15-32
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

Role of Sufis and Mystics in Human Education and Character Building: An Appraisal

Author/s:

Faizeh Zehra Mirza
Department of Persian, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract:

The Sufis have left an effective impact on religious, cultural, and social life in the world. Their teachings of service to humanity and love for God still resonates with people today. Sufis were firm in abstaining from religious and communal conflict and strived to be peaceful elements of civil society. Their main goal was to teach and educate humans to achieve perfection. Keeping this in view they have not only emphasized on individual training but have also emphasized on cultural and social aspects so that humans be aware of their true position in the universe and they could adorn themself with true qualities and actions and find the best way to live as a human. The Sufis tried to make the humans think that their soul is unique therefore they should enjoy each moment in this world. Moreover, life is an ongoing process and is not just limited to the past, therefore hatred, backbiting, slander and other moral vices should not be allowed to take place. The present article seeks to analyze the moral and social achievements of Sufi education and character building and at the same time answer a challenge that does Islamic mysticism and Sufism leads towards isolation of a person from his society.

Keywords:

Sufism, Education, Character Building, Morality, Society.

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Husband’s Consent for Khul‘ in Sharī‘ah and Pakistani Law: A Study of Superior Courts’ Decisions

Hafiz Muhammad Siddique

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Language	English
Pages Nos :	33-46
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

Husband’s Consent for Khul‘ in Sharī‘ah and Pakistani Law: A Study of Superior Courts’ Decisions

Author/s:

Hafiz Muhammad Siddique
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Shariah & Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: hafiz.siddique@iiu.edu.pk

Abstract:

In Islamic Law husband can divorce his wife without mentioning any reason which is considered his unilateral right. The wife can also dissolve her marriage through khul‘ nevertheless there is a contradiction in granting a woman right to dissolve her marriage as a unilateral right. This paper is divided into two parts; the first part highlights the contrary arguments of classical and contemporary Muslim Jurists in considering khul‘ as the unilateral right of a woman or it is dependent upon the consent of her husband, while in the second part I will examine how does this right is granted to a woman in light of the case law. It also explores how do the superior courts provide varied judgments in which the approval of the husband is considered mandatory for khul‘ while in others the consent is assumed irrelevant. The current paper investigates these contrary judgments in light of Islamic Law along with the opinions of the classical and contemporary jurists on the consent of a husband for khul‘. It is also noteworthy to highlight that there are also some basis provided by Pakistani law for dissolution of marriage by the woman with certain justified causes as mentioned in section 2 of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act 1939. Drawing over the scholarly arguments from Islamic and Pakistani Law this study claims that the approval of the husband is mandatory neither in Islamic Law nor in the legal system of Pakistan.

Keywords:

Khul‘, Divorce, Family Law, Woman’s Right, Islam, Judiciary, Pakistan.

The Protection of Environment in the Light of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah: A Conceptual Analysis

Humaira Jahangir, Shahzadi Pakeeza

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Language	English
Pages Nos :	47-66
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

The Protection of Environment in the Light of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah: A Conceptual Analysis

Author/s:

Humaira Jahangir
Research Scholar, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
humairajahangir7@gmail.com Shahzadi Pakeeza Postdoc Fellow, University of California, USA
Associate Professor, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
dr.pakeeza@fjwu.edu.pk

Abstract:

Kulliyat al-Khams including faith, life, progeny, intellect and wealth of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah has protected the essentials (al-Ḍharūriyāt). Ḥifẓ al-Bīʿah (Protection of Environment) in the present global context has played an enlightened role in the preservation of Ḍharūriyāt al-Khamsah. Islam is a religion which has a great focus on the protection of natural environment. Today, the modern world is facing with environmental crisis no doubt. In the Holy Qurʾān and Aḥadīth, numerous evidences are mentioned relating to Ḥifẓ al-Bīʿah. The present research work focused on the theme of nature with Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah, human beings effort, natural resources, natural stability, forestry, land development and agriculture. The dimension of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah with respect to environmental protection is also under discussion in this study. The nature of study is qualitative. The descriptive and analytical approach has been utilized in this research. Both primary and secondary library sources are used. On the basis of content analysis, remedial measures related to Ḥifẓ al-Bīʿah and how to cope up with environmental crises are also under debate. The study besides major basic principles of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah also recommends that in the present global era, Ḥifẓ al-Bīʿah needs vigorous attention of human beings. It is concluded that there is an instantly need of protection / preservation of environment as an essential element of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah.

Keywords:

Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah, Ḥifẓ al-Bīʿah, Ḍharūriyāt al-Khamsah, Progeny, Intellect.

Women Converts to Islam in Europe: Challenges and Opportunities

Munazza Batool

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Language	English
Pages Nos :	67-76
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

Women Converts to Islam in Europe: Challenges and Opportunities

Author/s:

Munazza Batool
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Usooluddin, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: munazza.batool@iiu.edu.pk

Abstract:

Keeping in view the increasing number of women converts to Islam in last two decades and the various ways in which these conversions have been approached and understood by their respective societies it is very important to consider the challenges that these women converts are facing in Europe and the way forward. This paper is an attempt to consider the issues and challenges faced by women converts to Islam in Europe particularly and Muslim Women Diaspora in general and the strategies they have used to deal with these problems. The paper seeks the answer to the questions like; how old is the history of Islam in Europe? How far the recent increase in number of converts to Islam is probed and discussed? What are the key concerns and issues faced by the converted women to Islam in Europe? How these women converts have attempted to meet these challenges in order to make their self statement as Muslim women in Europe. The methodology of the paper is discourse analysis mainly focusing on the literature produced by and on and by women converts to Islam in Europe during past two decades.

Keywords:

Conversion, Da‘awah, Women Converts, Self Statement, Europe.

Foundling and Abandoned Children: A Critical Analysis in the Light of Islamic and Pakistani Law

Qurratul-Ain-Munir-Minhas

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Language	English
Pages Nos :	77-86
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

Foundling and Abandoned Children: A Critical Analysis in the Light of Islamic and Pakistani Law

Author/s:

Qurratul-Ain-Munir-Minhas
Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Ibadat International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: IIm2011@ymail.com

Abstract:

The history of children and the family includes the study of foundlings and abandoned children. The terms “foundlings” and “abandoned children” are substitutable. This work highlight the childrens who are abonded at the time of birth including children who are result of rape. Rape is one of the most widespread sexual assaults against women in Pakistan. Pregnancy is a potential result of rape. The author through the light that Rape is not the only issue, but there are several other problems associated with it. The one of them is children born as a result of rape and that need to be addressed. The children born as a result of rape must be recognized as a victim. So such children must be discussed under the topic of abandoned children. This paper also analyses the law regarding the maintenance of illegitimate children and its interpretation by the courts. The paper promotes the idea that explicit legislation must be established to guarantee the rights and safety of abandoned children. In addition to making substantial efforts to raise public awareness about the rights of abandoned children, it is important to channel and regularise the concept of kafalah. In this research paper, pertinent Islamic and Pakistani legal rules are discussed and examined.

Keywords:

Abandoned, Rape, Child, Status, Pakistani Law, Islamic Law.

Ibn Warrāq and Qur’anic Scepticism: A Representative Face of Modern Apologetic Orientalism

Khawaja Muhammad Abdun-Nafay, Jamil Ahmad Nutkani

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Language	English
Pages Nos :	87-98
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

Ibn Warrāq and Qur’anic Scepticism: A Representative Face of Modern Apologetic Orientalism

Author/s:

Khawaja Muhammad Abdun-Nafay
Master of Arts (Islamic Studies), Department of Islamic Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.
Email: khmabdunnafay@gmail.com
Jamil Ahmad Nutkani
Assistant Professor,Department of Islamic Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Email: jamilnutkani111@gmail.com

Abstract:

In this evaluative article, we critique the works of the Islamic scholar and Orientalist Ibn Warrāq. An anonymous author, Ibn Warrāq is widely recognised by scholars of the field as a pseudo-scholarly prominent figure with highly polemical tendencies. There can be no doubt that healthy revisionism is the epitome of academic learning and intellect, but the writer in question betrays very little ability or desire for serious knowledge, that can only be gained through meticulous scholarship and an impartial demeanour. As such, I contend that Ibn Warrāq can be more accurately regarded as an ex-Muslim representative of a particular group of Orientalists with conspiratorial tendencies. This group, which also includes figures such as the more scholarly Michael Cook and Patricia Crone, is unambiguously the implicit harbinger of the modern political agenda of right-wing Islamophobia, which has been in the making throughout Europe and North America since at least the early-1970s.

Keywords:

Apologetic Orientalism, Islamophobia, Polemics, Pseudo-Scholarship, Qur’anic Scepticism, Revisionism.

Evaluation of Financial Sustainability of Islamic Microfinance Institutions in Pakistan

Muhammad Naveed Aslam, Abdul Karim Usman

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Language	English
Pages Nos :	98-120
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

Evaluation of Financial Sustainability of Islamic Microfinance Institutions in Pakistan

Author/s:

Muhammad Naveed Aslam
Doctoral Candidate (Islamic Banking & Finance), International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Abdul Karim Usman Assistant Professor, Faculty of Shari’ah and Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: abdul.karim@iiu.edu.pk

Abstract:

Major challenges of Islamic Microfinance institutions (IMFIs) are sustainability, funds constriction, high operating cost, low market penetration and their effectiveness for poverty alleviation. Islamic microfinance with only 7% share in the total microfinance industry in Pakistan, is facing serious issue of financial sustainability with a variety of operational models. Many organizations have started Shari’ah compliant microfinance operations. However, due to financial sustainability challenge, they have either stopped or at least have limited their operations. In this paper, we selected three organizations to compare their financial sustainability positions, having different operational models. Descriptive analysis with graphical presentation is used to describe the results of quantitative and qualitative data. Results revealed that Akhuwat (Qard Hasan based organization) is good in terms of outreach, financial strength, and operations cost while lacking in ROA, ROE, average finance size and nil on deposit outreach. The progress of Islamic Microfinance banking model is significant on financial indicators except, operational cost. Profit-based NBFC’s financial indicators are not impressive. In conclusion, funding arrangement is one of the major issues apart from others which can be overcome through deposit generation and low cost fund raising campaigns.

Keywords:

Microfinance, Sustainability, Poverty, Akhuwat (Qard Hasan based organization).

Examining Conditions of Maṣāliḥ Mursalah fulfilling the Higher Objectives of Islamic Law (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah) in the Modern Age

Zeeshan Rais Khattak

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Language	English
Pages Nos :	121-140-
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

Examining Conditions of Maṣāliḥ Mursalah fulfilling the Higher Objectives of Islamic Law (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah) in the Modern Age

Author/s:

Zeeshan Rais Khattak
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Islamic Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

The Islamic world is going through a stagnancy period in developing its own philosophy in consideration with its valuable customs and past legacy. It is because the Western world is more advanced than the former in all spheres of life. Moreover, the Islamic world is always using western technology for seeking compatibility in matters related to social and financial requirements for the sake of its survival. Therefore, Islamic scholars of our time try their level best to come up with solutions in the matters that clash with the Islamic ideology or any unresolved Sharīʿah issue to mitigate the Sharīʿah requirements by using the ideology of survival hidden in the Islamic Jurisprudence tool of maṣāliḥ mursalah which is used under the extreme challenge of survival. Application of the tool of maṣāliḥ mursalah in the contemporary world is again subject to full filling its required conditions which are well elaborated by Imam Ghazali in his book Al-Mustasfa. The problem lies with the conditions of it whether they comply with the contemporary world where Muslims are no more in control and where the whole world is considered to be one under the concept of the global village. The article seeks to explore new horizons to make the tool of maṣāliḥ mursalah (used in Islamic Jurisprudence) more useful and workable by complying it with the objectives of Sharīʿah known as maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. The work is an extension of the philosophical thought of the great scholar.

Keywords:

Sharīʿah, Maṣlaḥah Mursalah, Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, Islamic Finance.

Urdu Articles

AFKĀR Title

Index & Contributors

دعوتی قیادت کی تیاری میں سیرتِ نبوی کے راہ نما اصول
Prophetic Guidance in Preparation of Daʻwah Leadership

Hafiz Abdul Manan Zahidi, Hafiz Muhammad Zaheer

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	1-18
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

دعوتی قیادت کی تیاری میں سیرتِ نبوی کے راہ نما اصول
Prophetic Guidance in Preparation of Daʻwah Leadership

Author/s:

Hafiz Abdul Manan Zahidi
Lecturer/ Incharge Media Section, Daʻwah Academy, IIUI, Pakistan.
Hafiz Muhammad Zaheer
Lecturer, Daʻwah Academy, IIUI, Pakistan.

Abstract:

The role of effective leadership in the success of any collective objective is crucial. The concept of effective leadership and its characteristics have been highlighted in Quʼrān & Sunnah. Islam has presented a clear concept of leadership in the form of Prophetic biography. Daʻwah is a collective process in which a Daʻwah worker (Dāʻī) is responsible for guidance and training his team members by playing a leadership role, depending on their intellectual level, academic background and other skills. So a (Dāʻī) must be well trained in all aspects. This paper highlights the Islamic concept of leadership, the need for Daʻwah leadership and their training in the light of the Prophetic approach. The article mainly discusses the need and importance of leadership training for (Dāʻī) in the present days and the guiding principles found in the biography of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The research methodology of the paper is narrative and analysis, in which the text of Qurʼān and Ḥadīth is well quoted and analyzed following contemporary issues & approaches. The researchers comprehensively encompass the subject with a brief description of various leadership aspects from the life of the Prophet (peace be upon him). In conclusion, practical suggestions are presented to propagate the benefits of effective leadership in Da’wah. The time demands to train (Dāʻī) in the light of the Prophet’s life to achieve higher goals so that they can effectively deal with contemporary challenges.

Keywords:

Daʻwah, Dāʻī, Leadership, Prophetic Biography, Guiding Principles.

عمومِ بلوی کی مشروعیت، اسبا ب، شرائط اور معنویت:عصری تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ
General Affliction’s Legitimacy, Causes, Conditions, and It’s Implications: An Analytical Study in Contemporary Perspective

Sabah Naz, Riaz Ahmad Saeed

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	19-38
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

عمومِ بلوی کی مشروعیت، اسبا ب، شرائط اور معنویت:عصری تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ
General Affliction’s Legitimacy, Causes, Conditions, and It’s Implications: An Analytical Study in Contemporary Perspective

Author/s:

Sabah Naz
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Islamic Studies, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan
Riaz Ahmad Saeed
Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: drriazsaeed@gmail.com

Abstract:

Almighty Allah has given full consideration to human affordability and condition in the rules of Sharī‘ah(Islamic Law). There has been flexibility in the Sharī‘ah according to the human conditions and with time as the society grows, there come new issues and challenges. Allah has made every soul bound according to its capacity, the common denominators of Sharī‘ah are softened by the common misconceptions in which humanity is generally afflicted and which cannot be avoided. In fiqh terminology, it is generally called “General Affliction, ‘Umūm-e-Balwā’. Due to the ‘Umūm-e-Balwā” rules of Sharī‘ah being reduced and expanded. This research paper aims to identify the nature, causes and conditions of ‘Umūm-e-Balwā. In order to get a complete understanding of the rules and regulations based on the aspect of justification of Sharī‘ah in an organized manner. ‘Umūm-e-Balwā which facilitates and relaxes the Sharī‘ah rules, is an important area. of Human life which has entered a new era, is facing many difficulties due to the modern lifestyle, ‘Umūm-e-Balwā can be of great help in this regard. This paper is an effort to review the reasons, conditions, legitimacy, and significance of “Umūm-e-Balwā” in contemporary era. The Analytical research methodology has been adopted in this study with qaulitative approach. The study perceives that the causes and conditions of the subject matter will be helpful for contemporary scholars in order to solve the challenges of modern world. The concept of ‘Umūm-e-Balwā has great significance and may be helpful to solve existing religious, economic, political and medical issues of humanity.

Keywords:

General Affliction, Legitimacy, Causes, Conditions, contemporary Significance.

بچے اور مجنوں کے جملہ مال میں زکوٰۃ کی فرضیت:ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Obligation of Zakah on the Entire Wealth of Children and Lunatic: An Analytical Study

Hafiz Atif Iqbal

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	-
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

بچے اور مجنوں کے جملہ مال میں زکوٰۃ کی فرضیت:ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Obligation of Zakah on the Entire Wealth of Children and Lunatic: An Analytical Study

Author/s:

Hafiz Atif Iqbal
Postdoctoral Fellow, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, GIC Railway Road, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract:

Zakāt is very important in the economic system of Islam. One of the important conditions for the obligation of zakat is that the person giving zakat should be adult, sane and free. Upon these two conditions, there is considerable disagreement among the eminent jurists. Briefly it can be summed up that there are basically three groups regarding the necessity and non-necessity of giving Zakat of a wealthy Muslim child or Lunatic. 1. Zakat will be required on the entire property of a wealthy Muslim child or Lunatic. 2. Zakat will not be required on the entire property of a wealthy Muslim child or Lunatic. 3. Zakat will be required on the partial property of a wealthy Muslim child or Lunatic. This research basically describes the arguments of two groups, while the arguments of the third group share the arguments of the first two groups. The finding of this research is that the opinion based on the non-necessity of Zakat on the property of a wealthy Muslim child or a Lunatic is more correct on these grounds. Firstly, zakat is an act of worship and for the obligation of worship it is a condition to be adult and sensible. Secondly, the hadith mentioned in this research clearly shows that Zakat should not be levied on the property of the wealthy child. Thirdly, the demands imposed on the child by the people will be paid because they are related to the rights of the people. Besides, the payment of Ushr by the child and the Lunatic will be mandatory, because the arguments of the Qur'an and Sunnah which make the payment of ‘Ushr obligation apply to all types of land, even if it is the land of the child and the Lunatic.

پولٹری/جانوروں کی سٹننگ کے مروجہ طریقوںکا جائزہِ
(پاکستان،ملائشیاء اور اوآئی سی(OIC) حلال فوڈ معیارات کے تناظر میں)
An Analysis of Prevailing Methods of Stunning of Poultry/Animals (In the context of Pakistan, Malaysia and OIC ḥalāl food Standards)

Munir Hussain, Muhammad Mumtazul Hassan

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	53-64
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

پولٹری/جانوروں کی سٹننگ کے مروجہ طریقوںکا جائزہِ
(پاکستان،ملائشیاء اور اوآئی سی(OIC) حلال فوڈ معیارات کے تناظر میں)
An Analysis of Prevailing Methods of Stunning of Poultry/Animals (In the context of Pakistan, Malaysia and OIC ḥalāl food Standards)

Author/s:

Munir Hussain
Doctoral Candidate, Minhaj University, Lahore
Muhammad Mumtazul Hassan
Assistant Professor,MinhajUniversity, Lahore

Abstract:

The distinction between ḥalāl and ḥarām is a fundamental value in the Islamic axiological system. Islam enjoins its believers not only to observe halal in speech and action, but also allows the use of only halal and pure items in food and drink. The main condition for the use of the meat of animals that are allowed to be eaten in Islam is that they are slaughtered in a lawful and proper manner. Nowadays, mechanized method is used for slaughtering poultry and animals. In slaughterhouses, animals are anesthetized by stunning before slaughtering so that they feel minimal pain during slaughtering. For this purpose, three methods of stunning are prevalent in modern slaughterhouses, the first is stunning by current, which is called electrical stunning, the second method is to stun animals by gas, which is called gas stunning, and the third method is percussive stunning , In which the animals are rendered unconscious by beating. This article will present the approach of PakistanḤalāl Food Standard, Malaysian Halal Food Standard and OIC Halal Food Standard regarding this animal stunning. Apart from this, what are the conditions imposed by these three organizations for the justification of this process of stunning and what are the requirements without which this process of stunning will not be permissible will also be included in this article.

Keywords:

Ḥalāl, Ḥarām, Stunning, Slaughtering, Electrical stunning, Gas stunning, Percussive stunning.

آدابِ لباس اور اس کے مقاصد-عہدِ نبوی کے تمدن کا اختصاصی مطالعہ
The Manners of Dressing and its Objectives: -An Abriged Study of the Culture of Prophet's era

Muhammad Arfan, Hafiz Muhammad Rasheed

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	65-82
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

آدابِ لباس اور اس کے مقاصد-عہدِ نبوی کے تمدن کا اختصاصی مطالعہ
The Manners of Dressing and its Objectives: -An Abriged Study of the Culture of Prophet's era

Author/s:

Muhammad Arfan
Visiting Lecturer Islamic studies, Punjab University, Gujranwala Campus, Pakistan
Hafiz Muhammad Rasheed
Lecturer Islamic studies, Govt. Post Graduate Islamia College, Gujranwala, Pakistan

Abstract:

Dressing is an inevitable and natural need for humankind. It is a silent language of a man’s social, economic, psychological and cultural life. A person's dress describes his society, values, traditions, lifestyle and financial condition. Every society has its style of wearing and clothing that differs from others. Being a Deen (code of life), Islam also guides in terms of dressing. This article deals with significance, objectives and the Islamic perspective of dressing. The research is based on the various studies made in philosophy and Islamic ideology of dressing. The article discusses the shariah obligations regarding dressing such as covering, purity, aesthetics and the distinction as per gender. In addition, a significant research is also presented on the disliked and unlawful dressings. The researchers have also made a good attempt in description of piety in dressing. The article concludes itself on the instructions to follow Islamic code of dressing in our daily life. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) taught his followers to observe their dress, considering the situations and events. He classified the dressing into valid and invalid and introduced the basic principles of dressing. If a society or a person observed these rules, he does not only beautify his personality, but also promote Islamic civilization and norms of social life.

Keywords:

Dressing, Manners, Culture, Prophet’s Era.

دہشت گردی اور اسلامی تصوّرِقِتال میں حدِّ فاصل کے علمیاتی دائرہ کار: ایک تقابلی جائزہ
An Epistemological Domain of Line of Demarcation between Terrorism and Islamic Concept of Qitāl: A Comparative Review

Wajid Mehmood, Manzoor Ahmad Azhari

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	83-98
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

دہشت گردی اور اسلامی تصوّرِقِتال میں حدِّ فاصل کے علمیاتی دائرہ کار: ایک تقابلی جائزہ
An Epistemological Domain of Line of Demarcation between Terrorism and Islamic Concept of Qitāl: A Comparative Review

Author/s:

Wajid Mehmood
School Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan
Manzoor Ahmad Azhari
Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, HITEC Univeristy Taxila, Pakistan

Abstract:

This paper aims to conduct a comparative review in order to understand the line of demarcation between terrorism and Islamic concept of Qitāl. It is the matter of great concern, as one may assume that both viewpoints are very relevant to the bloodshed and beheading. The research question searching for what the difference is and what are the parameters that both are as different as two poles apart demands that each should be considered and judged under the epistemological domain of their own.Analytically it may be assessed that both are completely dissimilar in all respect either in fundamental thought or objective required to be achieved by each. Islamic concept of war and restoration of peace is totally encapsulated with the principles that govern and exercised with limitations in any situation to cope with indispensable circumstances. The golden principles of Islamic war (Jihād and Qitāl) have been adorned with the well balance philosophy epistemologically interconnected with Justice and Mercy towards the social amelioration and betterment in addition to the removal of upheaval, disorder and disruption resorting peace and harmony for the whole humanity.

Keywords:

Extremism, Jihād and Qitāl, Distinction, Islamic Epistemology, Principles, Objectives.

اردو کے منثور مولود ناموں پر کتب سیرت کے اثرات
Effects of SeerahBooks on Urdu 'Molood Namās'

Muzaffar Iqbal, Muhammad Safdar Rashid

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	99-112
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

اردو کے منثور مولود ناموں پر کتب سیرت کے اثرات
Effects of SeerahBooks on Urdu 'Molood Namās'

Author/s:

Muzaffar Iqbal
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Urdu, Allama Ibqal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Safdar Rashid
Assistant Professor, Department of Urdu, Allama Ibqal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

The life of the Prophet (peace be upon him) is a source of spiritual solace for the Muslim Ummah. Thousands of books have been written on various aspects of the Prophet’s life. The art of ‘Seerah’ writing emerged from Al-Maghāzī, the pioneer book of ‘Seerah’. The events and miracles presented in Seerah books were incorporated into the ‘Molūd Namās’, ‘Nūr Namās’, ‘Mieraj Namās’ and ‘Wafāt Namās’. Thus, in the ‘Molood Namās’, the miracles and events are described in an effective manner, taking its material from the books Al-Maghāzī and ‘Seerah’. The primary purpose of ‘Molūd Namās’ is to acquaint the illiterate or less educated class with various aspects of the life of the Prophet (peace be upon him). ‘Molūd Namās’ in Urdu were compiled under the influence of the Quran, Hadith, books of Al-Maghāzī and ‘Seerah’. This article deals with the description of ‘Molūd Namās’. The researchers first presented the history of ‘Molūd Namās’ with the details of how and when they began. Then, a thorough discussion is made on the influence of Seerah books on ‘Molūd Namās’. The distinctive factor of the paper is the description of various topics and subjects of ‘Molūd Namās’ along with brief details of each topic. The researchers included primary sources of Seerah in the description. The article concludes itself with a few suggestions and outcome of the research. This significant subject is opportune for all researchers of Seerah, students and teachers alike.

Keywords:

Seerah, Molood Namās, Al-Maghāzī, Mieraj Namās, Shamail Namās.

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“The Grand Design”میں کائناتی ڈیزائن، تخلیق اور قوانین فطرت کا اسلامی تناظر میں تنقیدی مطالعہ
Critical Study of “The Grand Design” with special reference to Cosmic Design, Creation and Laws of Nature: An Islamic Perspective

Muhammad Salman Mir , Zulfqar Ali

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	113-130
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

“The Grand Design”میں کائناتی ڈیزائن، تخلیق اور قوانین فطرت کا اسلامی تناظر میں تنقیدی مطالعہ
Critical Study of “The Grand Design” with special reference to Cosmic Design, Creation and Laws of Nature: An Islamic Perspective

Author/s:

Muhammad Salman Mir
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Islamic thought, History & Culture, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Email: msmeer82@gmail.com
Zulfqar Ali
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Hadith and Hadith Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Email: zolfiqar83@gmail.com

Abstract:

The Grand Design is a famous enterprise of Stephen Hawking and Mlodinow. Stephen Hawking denies Divine Interventions regarding origin of universe and declares that creation of universe can be attributed to Laws of Nature alone. They advocate science and reject Philosophy. He declares that the Universe does not begin by Big Bang but it caused bifurcation of space and time and “time” exist before Big Bang but very nature of that “time” is not comprehensible. They admit Grand Design (of Universe) but simultaneously reject the plausibility of Intelligent Designer and assert that favorable conditions for life on Earth are due to “chance”. Moreover, they affirm existence of Multiverse and declare that Multiverse emerged due to laws of nature. Hawking declares that the process of creation is spontaneous and spontaneous process does not require initiator. He seek refuge in Gravity as a manifestation of cause of universe. By rejecting possibility of mirage, they assert that laws of nature are fixed and support mechanical model of universe. Hawking’s propositions and assumptions regarding Creation, Cosmic Design and Laws of Nature need to be critically analyzed in Islamic perspective. Hawking is a Giant in modern science and theoretical physics and he is so influential that his statements regarding sciences have great impact in scientific society and academia. Atheist community also take advantage of his agnostic and non-religious contentions. Keeping in view the above stated matter, selected work of Stephen Hawking and Mlodinow’s book “The Grand Design” has been critically reviewed in the light of Islamic Thought.

Keywords:

Creation, Design, Laws of Nature, Nature, Hawking, Multiverse, Nothing, Supernatural, Time & Space, Big Bang.

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تعلیمات نبویہ کی روشنی میں آبی ماحول کے تحفظ کی اہمیت اور احکامات
(حالات حاضرہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ)
The Importance of Protecting the Aquatic Environment and Commandments in the Light of Prophetic Teachings
(Analytical Study in the Context of Present Situation)

Hafiz Muhammad Hussain, Muhammad Hassan

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	131-148
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

تعلیمات نبویہ کی روشنی میں آبی ماحول کے تحفظ کی اہمیت اور احکامات
(حالات حاضرہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ)
The Importance of Protecting the Aquatic Environment and Commandments in the Light of Prophetic Teachings
(Analytical Study in the Context of Present Situation)

Author/s:

Hafiz Muhammad Hussain
Head, Department of Islamic Studies, University of Lahore Sargodha Campus, Pakistan
Muhammad Hassan
Research Scholar, University of the Punjab, Shaikh Zahid Islamic Center

Abstract:

Indeed, Allah Almighty has power over everything, but the world is full of reasons. Here, only strategy and effort are beneficial. Negligence and not trying in essential matters cause harm. Allah has commanded not to put yourself to death because of your deeds. Therefore, every conscious person must prevent everything and every work that harms human and animal life. Allah Almighty has declared water as the origin of everything. Therefore, water and aquatic environment, protection of water reserves, water cleanliness and proper use of water guarantee the survival of human and animal life, and all these acts are worship. This article deals with the aquatic environment. Research is presented on water pollution, its types, hazards, and Islamic teachings. The article starts with a brief description of the related terminologies and the significance of water in human life. Then, discussing water pollution, the paper refers to the pollution in rivers and ponds, pollution in seas, and their harms in detail. In explaining Islamic teachings, a detailed description is made of Prophetic and Quranic teachings regarding water pollution. Moreover, the researchers extracted ten rulings on water from Prophetic traditions. The article also gives a bird-eye view of the negligence in Pakistan on water issues. In conclusion, a summary of the research is presented along with a few suggestions. There are clear teachings of the Prophet (peace be upon him) on the cleanliness of the water, the cleanliness of the water environment, the method of its use, the principles of water distribution and its protection. If we follow them, our environment will be safe, and a healthy life will be ensured.

Keywords:

Aquatic Environment, Water Pollution, Islamic Teachings, Healthy Life.

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اما م الخطابی کی کتب میں مباحث علوم القرآن(ایک جائزہ)
An Analysis of the Subjects of Uloom-ul-Qur’ān in the Books of Imām Al-Khattābī

Malik Khalil Ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman Ghani

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	149-166
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

اما م الخطابی کی کتب میں مباحث علوم القرآن(ایک جائزہ)
An Analysis of the Subjects of Uloom-ul-Qur’ān in the Books of Imām Al-Khattābī

Author/s:

Malik Khalil Ur Rehman
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Quran & Tafseer, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Usman Ghani
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Aqeedah & Philosophy, Faculty of Usooluddin, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Imām Hamd bin Muhammad Imām Al-Khattābī (d. 388 AH) is one of the most prominent Islamic scholars of fourth-century A.H. He was the first author who wrote a commentary on Sunan-Abi-Dawood and Sahih-al-Bukhari. Unfortunately, he could not write any specific book on commentary on the Quran. However, rich data in respect of commentary and interpretive aspects of Quranic verses, as well as regarding Uloom-ul-Qur’ān, is present in his books. This article presents an overview of Uloom-ul-Qur’ān found in his books. The authors researched thoroughly to compile the various subjects of Uloom-ul-Qur’ān such as causes of revelation, abrogating and the abrogated verses and definition, conditions and examples of the Qur’anic verses whose meaning is clear (Mohkamaat), and the Qur’anic verses that need exegesis (Mutashabihaat). In addition, the aspect of precedence and deferments of the Quranic verses, the use of metaphorical words and the discussion of using an alternate word for understanding the meaning of the Quranic verse are also presented in the article. Besides, the authors have discussed enough discourse that highlights the excellence of Imām Al-Khattābī in Uloom-ul-Qur’ān. In the end, a conclusion is presented in which it is suggested to work on the indicated subjects of the books of Imām Al-Khattābī to appreciate his squarely encompassing knowledge.

Keywords:

Imām Al-Khattābī, Uloom-ul-Qur’ān, Mohkamaat, Mutashabihaat.

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(295C)آرٹیکل
پراعتراضات کادلائل شرعیہ وعالمی قوانینِ توہینِ شخصیات کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ
A Research Analysis of the Objections to Article 295C in the light of Sharīa‘h Law and International Defamation Laws

Syed Zaigham Ali Jaffary

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	167-180
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

(295C)آرٹیکل
پراعتراضات کادلائل شرعیہ وعالمی قوانینِ توہینِ شخصیات کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ
A Research Analysis of the Objections to Article 295C in the light of Sharīa‘h Law and International Defamation Laws

Author/s:

Syed Zaigham Ali Jaffary
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Islamic Studies, Federal Urdu University, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract:

In all world religions and in every country, there are laws of punishment that punish the people involved in various crimes so that peace and tranquility can be maintained in a society and any lawlessness and chaos be prevented. In order to protect the honour of the Last Prophet Muhammad Mustafa (peace be upon him), the most respected person in the entire universe, the highly significant article 295C, i.e. the law of blasphemy, was included in the constitution of Pakistan, according to which if a person slanders the Prophet (peace be upon him) verbally or in writing, directly or indirectly, slanders his holy glory, such person shall be punished with death.Various questions have been raised about this law. This article deals with all the objections and queries raised against this law. The researchers very comprehensively answered the objections to this law. In addition, historical shreds of evidence and logical arguments are mentioned to prove that this law is not made for cruelty against minorities and does not promote extremism and intolerance in society. Rather, it is a shield for the protection of religious dignity. The article thoroughly reviews this 295C clause in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah, Consensus and international laws against defamation of personalities and religions. Blasphemy is the ugliest element that has been raised very much in recent years. This article serves this purpose very nicely.

Keywords:

Blasphemy, Consensus,International Laws, 295C, Minorities.

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قوانینِ اسلامی کے تناظر میں اسلامی سیونگ اکاؤنٹ کی مروجہ بنیادوں کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
Prevalent basis of Islamic Saving Account: A Research based Analysis in the context of Islamic laws

Muhammad Noman Karim, Muhammad Hassan Imam

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	181-196
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

قوانینِ اسلامی کے تناظر میں اسلامی سیونگ اکاؤنٹ کی مروجہ بنیادوں کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
Prevalent basis of Islamic Saving Account: A Research based Analysis in the context of Islamic laws

Author/s:

Muhammad Noman Karim
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Islamic Studies, Federal Urdu University, Karachi, Pakistan
Muhammad Hassan Imam
Head of Department, Islamic Studies, Federal Urdu University, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract:

Islamic banking in its true spirit is a need of the era to fulfill Shariah permissible financing needs as well as to provide legitimate and trustable investment avenues. For investment purposes, Islamic banks have saving accounts which are based on the principles of Sharikah (participation by capital), Mudarabah (participation by capital from one side and by work from other side), Wakalah (Investment Agency) or Tawarruq (Commodity Murabaha) worldwide. Legislation has been taken place globally to ensure that the saving account of Islamic banking remains compatible with the principles of Sharikah, Mudarabah, Wakalah or Tawarruq as the case may be in different regions. Resistance from some jurists/experts also exists regarding Shariah basis of Islamic saving account as well as their operational stages. So, with the aim of analyzing the prevalent basis of Islamic saving account along with its operations in the light of Islamic laws, narrative research methodology is adopted in this paper. Simply, the process of Islamic banks with respect to the saving account is that they do business with the funds provided by their depositors and share profit with them as per the underlying mode of investment. Therefore, in the light of Shariah rulings, this practice of Islamic banks is valid and to take profit from this account is lawful by Shariah, and no doubt, the current practices related to saving account require further improvement and keen attention especially in tawarruq cases, but it is not correct to think of it same as a conventional banks’ saving account, because conventional banks borrow interest based loans for their saving account from account holders and pay the interest thereon, which is strictly prohibited by Islamic Shariah.

Keywords:

Islamic Banking, Islamic Saving Account, Sharikah, Mudarabah, Wakalah, Tawarruq, Islamic Laws.

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کرنسی کی آن لائن تجارت: ایک شرعی جائزہ
Online Trading of Currency: A Shari'ah Perspective

Muhammad Shahid Naeem

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	197-210
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

کرنسی کی آن لائن تجارت: ایک شرعی جائزہ
Online Trading of Currency: A Shari'ah Perspective

Author/s:

Muhammad Shahid Naeem
PhD Scholar,F/O Arabic andIslamic Studies AIOU, Islamabad, Pakistan
EST Arabic, Govt. High School Jhalarin Shumali, Muzaffargarh, Pakistan

Abstract:

In early times, humankind did not even know the names of currencies. Commodities were exchanged for goods or services for transactions. However, various valuables came to be used as currency gradually. Coins of various denominations became famous, and previously used metal currencies were converted into paper currency. Moreover, electronic currency using modern technology was introduced, which led to the trend of online trading of currencies. The trend of virtual currency (digital currency) is increasing in the global market. Online currency trading has now become very significant in the global economic system. Nevertheless, it is imperative for us to know the shari’ah rulings on this matter, as it guides us thoroughly in every matter. This article discusses the online buying and selling of currencies and analyses the principles of shari’ah. The paper mainly discusses the two major types of online trading and their shari’ah disciplines. The researchers presented different schools of thought on each subject of online trading. First, it gave details of various jurisprudence on Forex trading. Later a detailed study is included in the article on Cryptocurrency. Various definitions outlined by experts are presented. Moreover, the research includes its conditions with examples. The article also details various opinions about virtual currencies that endorse their legality. In conclusion, practical and significant suggestions are given on modern trading trends.

Keywords:

Currency, Online Trading, Research review, Islamic Shari’ah.

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منتخب عربی کتب سرت کے اردو تراجم کا مطالعہ جائزہ (2000-1990)
An Analytical Study of Selected Urdu Translations of Arabic SeerahLiterature (1990-2000)

Hafiz Shoaib Ahmed Kalhoro, Dr Jabeen Bhutto

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	211-226
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

منتخب عربی کتب سرت کے اردو تراجم کا مطالعہ جائزہ (2000-1990)
An Analytical Study of Selected Urdu Translations of Arabic SeerahLiterature (1990-2000)

Author/s:

Hafiz Shoaib Ahmed Kalhoro
Department of Basic Science and related studies, Mehran UET Jamshoro
Dr Jabeen Bhutto2
Department of Islamic Studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro

Abstract:

The series of writings on the biography of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ has been going on for centuries and to this day. Scholars of every century and age have preserved his biography in their languages and conveyed it to the Ummah. Countless books have been written in the past and more are being written during this era. Within this uninterrupted series of biographies, there are many which are safe and well-known while many are still unknown. The scholars of Sīra in the subcontinent have translated from Arabic to Urdu the Sīra al-Nabawiyya already preserved in the collections of aḥādīth transferring a great intellectual heritage to the Ummah. This article presents a study review of the works of Sīra translated originally from Arabic to Urdu between the last decade of the 20th century.

Keywords:

Sīra al-Nabawiyya, uninterrupted heritage, translated biographies

دعوۃ اکیڈمی کی کتب سیرت۔ ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
Seerah Books of Da'wah Academy: An Analytical Study

Tahir Saddique, Shahzad Channa

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	227-238
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

دعوۃ اکیڈمی کی کتب سیرت۔ ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
Seerah Books of Da'wah Academy: An Analytical Study

Author/s:

Tahir saddique
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Usooluddin, IIUI, Islamabad, Pakistan
Shahzad Channa
Assistant Professor, Dawah Academy (Sindh), IIUI, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Da'wah Academy was established in March 1985 to organize educational, training and research programs for Da'wah purposes and to benefit Muslim Communities within and outside Pakistan. The main objective of Da'wah Academy is to produce and publish literature on Da'wah. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the life and soul of Da'wah activities throughout history. His practical guidelines have not only been preserved, but it is also applicable at all times. In order to determine the Prophet's role as a Dāʻī, it is necessary to keep in mind the guidelines and evolution of the Prophet's mode of preaching and the organization he set up to carry out such activities. This article highlights several books of Seerah published by Da'wah Academy in Urdu, English, Sindhi and Pashtu. In addition, the articles which include the material from sixty books of Seerah. The article initially presents the series of books with a brief analysis and an overview of the content. The research presented on Seerah is highly comprehensive and all-encompassing. Indeed, it is a great help for all preachers, researchers, students and teachers of Islamic studies.

Keywords:

Da'wah Academy, Dāʻī, Seerah, literature, aspects of Seerah.

حدودو تعزیرات میں تابعین کے استدلال کے نظائر :ایک جائزہ
The Precedents of Tabi’een (Successors) in Hudōd o T‘azirāt (Fixed and Descritionary Punishments): An Appraisal

Anwaar Hussain, Nomana Khalid

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	239-250
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

حدودو تعزیرات میں تابعین کے استدلال کے نظائر :ایک جائزہ
The Precedents of Tabi’een (Successors) in Hudōd o T‘azirāt (Fixed and Descritionary Punishments): An Appraisal

Author/s:

Anwaar Hussain
Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, University of South Asia Lahore, Pakistan
Nomana Khalid
Lecturer (Islamic Studies), Govt, Graduate College for Women, Shadbagh Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract:

Hudōd refers to the prescribed sharī'ah punishments which have been proved with certainty from the Qur’anic text and sayings of His Messenger (peace be upon him) and no one has the right to amend or reduce them or to terminate them. Other Penalties refer to those sharī'ah punishments which are at the discretion and ijtihād of the ruler and the judge and which are subject to change and modification. Discussion of Hudōd and penalties is the most important chapter of Islamic jurisprudence from the perspective of the implementation of Islamic Law in an Islamic state. The opinions of the Tabi’een; disciples of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) have legal status to authenticate anything from a juristic perspective. The Hanafi, Shafi'i and other schools of jurisprudence have originated, proved or seconded their juristic rulings from the sayings of disciples of the companions of the Last Prophet (peace be upon him). Sufficient examples have been produced in this article to highlight the significance of the verdicts of Tabi’in.

Keywords:

Tabi’in., Hudood, Islamic Jurisprudence, Hanafi, Shafi'i.

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عصر حاضر میں نشہ کی صورتیں اور وقوع طلاق کا حکم (قدیم اور جدید فقہاء کی آراء کا تحقیقی جائزہ)
The Requisitioned State of Intoxication for Divorce Legitimacy (Research Review of the Views of Preceding and Modern Jurists)

Hafsa Batool, Hafiz Muhammad Hussain

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	251-266
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

عصر حاضر میں نشہ کی صورتیں اور وقوع طلاق کا حکم (قدیم اور جدید فقہاء کی آراء کا تحقیقی جائزہ)
The Requisitioned State of Intoxication for Divorce Legitimacy (Research Review of the Views of Preceding and Modern Jurists)

Author/s:

Hafsa Batool
Lecturer Islamic Studies, Govt. Associate College for Women, Bahlwal, Pakistan
Hafiz Muhammad Hussain
Head of Department, Islamic studies, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Pakistan

Abstract:

Family life holds high significance in an individual's life. Every person works hard and tries to spend this part of life well. He carries out jobs or businesses to improve his domestic life. This life begins with marriage and ends with divorce. Except for a few people, most divorces happen in anger and sometimes even in intoxication. Nowadays, cases of divorce in the state of intoxication are frequently occurring. In the light of Islamic teachings, there are different orders for divorce in the normal state, in the condition of anger, and the condition of intoxication. This article aims to elaborate on divorce legitimacy in the state of intoxication. The research encapsulates the introduction of addiction, its prohibition and its harms. It also outlines types of addictions and the addictive substances used by Pakistanis and the Shariah rulings on intoxication. Along with it, the details of the divorce in which cases of insobriety divorce occurs and the cases in which divorce does not occur are also presented with the discourses of different schools of thought. The article also outlines the difference in opinion between the old and new jurists. In the end, valuable suggestions are presented concerning the issue of divorce in the state of intoxication. The research is highly significant as many people are confused about divorce in a state of intoxication. Hence, it is essential to inform people about Islamic teachings on divorce in the state of insobriety.

Keywords:

Anger, Intoxication, divorce in the state of insobriety, addiction, jurists.

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شیخ محمدالغزالی کے فقہی واستنباطی اسلوب سیرت نگاری کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ
Analytical Study of Jurisprudential and Inferential Methodology of Sīrah writings by Sheikh Muhammad Al- Ghazālī

Niaz Ahmad, Prof. Muhammad Idrees Lodhi

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	267-286
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

شیخ محمدالغزالی کے فقہی واستنباطی اسلوب سیرت نگاری کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ
Analytical Study of Jurisprudential and Inferential Methodology of Sīrah writings by Sheikh Muhammad Al- Ghazālī

Author/s:

Niaz Ahmad
Lecturer (Islamic Studies), Govt. Graduate College Burewala, Vehari, Pakistan
Prof. Muhammad Idrees Lodhi
Director Seerat Chair, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan

Abstract:

The life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the best example for all human beings. He is the only personality among the Prophets whose life has been preserved forever. Every aspect of the blessed life of the Prophet (peace be upon him) was compiled with utmost care and was given the name of his Sīrah. There are different styles and methods for Sīrah’s writing. One of them is the jurisprudential and inferential style. Understanding of the divine laws and their objectives is based on complete familiarity with the life of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Without thorough familiarity with the Sīrah, the claim of understanding the Islamic Shari’ah is entirely baseless. In this article, an analytical study of the style adopted by Sheikh Muhammad Ghazālī has been presented. The article began with a brief discussion of the aims, requisites and various aspects of Sīrah. Then, focusing on Ghazālī’s work, the researcher explained the relationship between Sīrah and the Quran, extracting lessons and jurisprudential elements and finding pearls of wisdom from Sīrah. The article also includes the distinctions of Ghazālī in Sīrah writing, such as answering orientalists and the common questions, criticising the unauthentic Sīrah traditions and the significance of Sīrah in solving contemporary issues. The jurisprudence and inferential styles of Sīrah writing began in the early twentieth century, referring to the derivation of Sharī‘ah commands, sermons, wisdom, and lessons from Sīrah. This style has been used more by Arab biographers.

Keywords:

Ghazālī, Arab Biographers, Inferential Styles, Contemporary Issues.

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روائع البیان تفسیر آیات الاحکام کی روشنی میں سورہ بقرہ کی آیاتِ احکام کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
A Research Study of Commanding Verses of Surah Al- Baqarah in the light of Rawa al-Bayān Tafsīr Āyāt ul Ahkām

Muhammad Shafeeq, Muhammad Azhar Abbasi

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	287-300
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

روائع البیان تفسیر آیات الاحکام کی روشنی میں سورہ بقرہ کی آیاتِ احکام کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
A Research Study of Commanding Verses of Surah Al- Baqarah in the light of Rawa al-Bayān Tafsīr Āyāt ul Ahkām

Author/s:

Muhammad Shafeeq
Assistant Professor, Green International University,Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Azhar Abbasi
Lecturer, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract:

The commentary of the Qur'ān in which the rules of jurisprudence are deduced and derived directly from the verses of the Qur'ān is called "Tafsīr Fiqhi or Aḥkām-ul- Qur'ān." The verse from which any Sharī'ah rule is derived is called a commanding verse, and the verse from which no Sharī'ah rule is derived is called a non-ruling verse. Some people object that dividing the Qur'anic verses into "verses of rules and verses of non-rules" has caused irreparable damage to Islam, such as creating intellectual and mental stagnation in the Islamic world. The article aims to present a research-based study of commanding verses in Surah Al-Baqarah explained in the commentary (روائع البیان تفسیر آیات الاحکام) by Sheikh Muhammad Ali Al-Ṣābōnī, a well-known contemporary scholar. A thorough research is presented after a brief description of commanding verses of the Qur’ān and an introduction of surah. Having read this article, the readers will know how much the commentators have worked on rulings of the Qur'ān and how greatly they have served the religion of Islam. Moreover, the article attempts to highlight the maturity and the new direction of research given to the minds of researchers through the commentaries on commanding verses.

Keywords:

Tafsīr Fiqhi, Aḥkām-ul- Qur'ān, Ali Al-Ṣābōnī, Commanding Verse, Surah Al-Baqarah.

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مفاتیح الغیب میں کلامی مباحث کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
Research Based Study of Kalami Discussions of Mafātīh ul Gaib

Riaz Ahmad, Prof. Muhammad Akram Rana

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	301-316
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

مفاتیح الغیب میں کلامی مباحث کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
Research Based Study of Kalami Discussions of Mafātīh ul Gaib

Author/s:

Riaz Ahmad
Doctoral Candidate, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan
Prof. Muhammad Akram Rana
Dean, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract:

This is the genealogy of Sheikh-ul-Islam Wal-Muslimin Imam Fakhruddin Muhammad bin Umar Razi who died in 606 AH. Muhammad bin Umar bin Hussain bin Ali al-Bakri. Born in 544 AH. He was a master of knowledge, had the highest qualities of knowledge, philosophical rigor, religious knowledge, mujtahid, jurist, and commentator. They are considered to be Imams in Al-Kalam, rational sciences, dictionary knowledge. The greatest quality of Imam Sahib's works is that because of him, a new era of literary history began among Muslims, because he created a special innovation and established a new style in the works. It also arranges the link between the verses. Tafsir al-Qur'an with Qur'an, Tafsir al-Qur'an with Hadith and the sayings of the Companions are well arranged. Arithmetic and philosophy are the most modern sciences. Theology has long been known as a mixed set of issues, but in fact, it has two types and the objectives of both are completely different. The first one is the knowledge that came into being in the conflicting context of certain Islamic sects. Another is the science that was invented in comparison with philosophy. As long as Islam was limited in Arabia, there was no conflict in the beliefs because their purpose was only to practice i.e. to follow prayer, fasting, zakat, Hajj, etc. But when Islam expanded, the nations of Iran, Greece, Copts, etc. entered Islam, then differences began, that is, the attributes of God, fate (qaza o qadr), judgmental (reward and punishment), polytheism and idolatry, pantheism and pantheism and either Qur'an is creature or non-creature, etc

Keywords:

Theology, Knowledge, Sects, Philosophy.

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جرحِ روات میں امام نسائی کے الفاظِ جرح کا تحقیقی جائزہ
An Analytical Study of the Terms of Imam Nisa’ee Regarding Invalidation of Narrators

Abdul Sattar, Muhammmad Karim Khan

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	317-330
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

جرحِ روات میں امام نسائی کے الفاظِ جرح کا تحقیقی جائزہ
An Analytical Study of the Terms of Imam Nisa’ee Regarding Invalidation of Narrators

Author/s:

Abdul Sattar
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Islamic Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Muhammmad Karim Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Imperial University Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract:

Almighty Allah sent the Prophets for the welfare of humanity. They conveyed the divine message to the people. While the last Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made his words public for the guidance of mankind until the Day of Resurrection. The work of the Companions in popularizing hadiths is very reliable. Later, in order to test and evaluate the same hadith, Islamic jurists made some principles and rules so that this hadith can be discussed in terms of cross-examination and modification. The Scholars and the Muhadiseen of the third century deviled their lives in the religious knowledge in common and in Hadith knowledge in portable who protected the sayings and the actions of the Holy Prophet and then energies to the knowledge of Hadith, explanation and then as while and got the high stales of Imamat in this art. Imam Nisaee is one of those who was an expert in their matters a lot. He had extensive knowledge of Hadith and Rijal. He was author many books about narrators from which it is clear that he was well versed in the knowledge and science of Hadith. This paper will show out the principles, methods and jurisprudence for hadiths according to imam nisa’ee and the standards and methods of cross-examination of hadith have been discussed.

Keywords:

Muhadiseen, jurisprudence, Hadith and Rijal, narrators, science of Hadith.

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صاف پانی کی فراہمی کے عصری مسائل اور شریعت اسلامیہ کی روشنی میں ان کا حل ( حکومت پاکستان کے اقدامات کا خصوصی مطالعہ)
Clean Water Supply Challenge and its Solutions according to Islamic Sharī‘ah: An Exclusive Study of the Government of Pakistan's Initiatives

Muhammad Saleem Awan, Mr. Allah Ditta

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	331-348
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

صاف پانی کی فراہمی کے عصری مسائل اور شریعت اسلامیہ کی روشنی میں ان کا حل ( حکومت پاکستان کے اقدامات کا خصوصی مطالعہ)
Clean Water Supply Challenge and its Solutions according to Islamic Sharī‘ah: An Exclusive Study of the Government of Pakistan's Initiatives

Author/s:

Muhammad Saleem Awan
Chairman, Department of Islamic Studies, Emerson University Multan, Pakistan
Mr. Allah Ditta
HoD (Islamic Studies), Federal Govt. Degree College for Women, Multan, Pakistan

Abstract:

This article intends to discuss the right of access to clean water to public and its contemporary problems in this regard. Today in modern times there is a lot of emphasis on the use of clean water as its use is beneficial for health. Out of Pakistan’s total population 79.2 percent of the rural poor have access to clean water. On the other hand, 98 percent of Pakistan’s rich people have access to clean water. As, Sustainable Development Goals could not be achieved without solving this issue. So, this situation demands most appropriate and efficient measures to tackle this serious issue. An estimated 70 percent of population of Pakistan still drink bacterially contaminated water. Due to this issue, 53000 children in Pakistan under the age of five die annually from diarrhea due to unclean water and sanitation. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also liked to drink clean and fresh water and he strived hard to do the same and took all possible steps to provide clean and fresh water to all the people of Madinah. In this article, the steps of Government of Pakistan and subordinate departments dealings with clean water has been discussed in detail. In this regard, the necessary principles for the guidance of the high officials of the state of Pakistan in the light of the sīrah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) has also been elaborated.

Keywords:

Clean Water, Water supply, Pakistan, WASA, Government of Pakistan.

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عدالتی خلع: احادیث اور فقہاء کی آراء کی روشنی میں( تحلیلی مطالعہ)
Judicial Khula’ (Divorce): An Analytical Study of Ahadīthand the Opinions of Islamic Jurists

Abdul Majeed, Najamuddin Kokab Hashmi

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	349-366
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

عدالتی خلع: احادیث اور فقہاء کی آراء کی روشنی میں( تحلیلی مطالعہ)
Judicial Khula’ (Divorce): An Analytical Study of Ahadīthand the Opinions of Islamic Jurists

Author/s:

Abdul Majeed
(Ph.D Scholar), GC University, Faisalabad
Najamuddin Kokab Hashmi
(Ph.D) Assosiate Professor Al- Karam International Istitute Islamabad

Abstract:

The issue of judicial Khula’ (judicial divorce) being practiced in honorable Pakistani courts poses a great challenge to Islamic jurists whose concerns about this issue are very serious. The proponents of judicial Khula’ present the Ahadith, in which it is mentioned that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had made separation between Hazrat Thabit bin Qays (RA) and his wife, as evidence for unilateral judicial Khula’. The majority of jurists takes unilateral judicial Khula’ non-compliant to Shariah law. The basic objective of this paper is to answer the questions: Do these ahadith presented for judicial Khula’ reach at the extent that prohibition and permission may be decided? Whether the Holy Prophet (PBUH) made separation between Thabit bin Qays (RA) and his wife unilaterally or did He make separation with the consent of the husband (Thabit bin Qays)? Is there any possible taṭbīq (harmonization between conflicting compatible texts) that can justify contemporary judicial Khula’? Regardless of these Ahadith, is it possible to justify judicial khula’ on the basis of any of the other jurisprudential details (Fiqhi Juz’iyyāt)? What are the implications of a unilateral judicial Khula’? What are its positive and negative effects on society? After analyzing the Ahadith from which approval of unilateral judicial Khula’ is extracted, the paper concludes that the honorable Courts, in Khursseed bibi case, has issued unilateral judicial Khula’ on the basis on abstract narration (mujmal riwayah) and ignored the detailed one (mufassal riwayah) and the same is being considered as precedent for decisions of judicial Khula’ till date. The paper also recommends that the court, using its wide-ranging powers to arrest the husband for not appearing in spite of sending summons to him, should bring him before the court so that the decision can be made only after the facts have become clear.

Keywords:

Khula’, Judical Khula’ Judical divorce, Shariah Law, Divorce

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معراج النبی ﷺکی استشراقی تعبیرات۔۔۔تجزیاتی مطالعہ
The Orientalists’ Interpretations of Prophet’s Ascension into Heaven: An Analytical Study

Sabahat Afzal

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	367-380
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

معراج النبی ﷺکی استشراقی تعبیرات۔۔۔تجزیاتی مطالعہ
The Orientalists’ Interpretations of Prophet’s Ascension into Heaven: An Analytical Study

Author/s:

Sabahat Afzal
Assistant Professor, Institute of Islamic Studies, Punjab University

Abstract:

The incident of Prophet’s ascension into heaven has been a very significant subject of the life of the Prophet peace be upon him. Though the difference of opinion regarding the details of Meraj exists among the Muslim scholars but no one among them has denied the occurrence of this incident. The Orientalists propound different rational interpretations regarding this event of Prophet’s life and majority of them seem to deny the material occurrence of Meraj. The arguments of the Orientalists mainly rest upon reason. In this article an attempt has been made to describe the different elaborations of Meraj done by the Orientalists and to analyze their views in the light of historical facts.

Keywords:

Islam, Prophet, Ascension into heaven, Orientalists.

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موسیقی سے متعلق ڈاکٹر محمدحمید اللہ کے افکار کا تنقیدی تجزیہ
A Critical Analysis of Music in Islam: A Case Selected from the Ideology of Dr. Muhammad Hameed Ullah

Muhammad Saleem Awan, Mr. Allah Ditta

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Language :	Urdu
Pages Nos :	381-404
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

موسیقی سے متعلق ڈاکٹر محمدحمید اللہ کے افکار کا تنقیدی تجزیہ
A Critical Analysis of Music in Islam: A Case Selected from the Ideology of Dr. Muhammad Hameed Ullah

Author/s:

Muhammad Saleem Awan
Chairman, Department of Islamic Studies, Emerson University Multan, Pakistan
Mr. Allah Ditta
HoD (Islamic Studies), Federal Govt. Degree College for Women, Multan, Pakistan

Abstract:

This research study aims at exploring the views of Dr. Hameed Ullah about music, Sufi music and to depict the distinctions and similitudes with other prominent scholars of current era. Dr. Hameed Ullah opines that music, and its instruments are permissible according to Islamic philosophy and Islamic law. He considered that Sufi music is not only allowed in Islam but also played his pivotal part in preaching of Islam. He advised that one should not condemn others on this issue if he considered it forbidden then he himself should refrain it. Dr. Hameed Ullah, a famous scholar of Sub-continent, who no-doubt devoted his whole life for the preaching of Islam and promoting unity among Muslims. He was one of the few intellectuals of the time who advocated that a genuine picture of Islam according to the need of current era of science, technology and globalization should be presented before the whole world. According to him, it is the basic requirement of the time. Aside from that, he also strived hard to promote universal human values of love, peace, forgiveness, patience, harmony, and endurance not just among the Muslims of the entire world but also among all the human beings. That is the reason, he is cherished and honored among all the masses. His life and his literary work candidly reflect his balance approach towards these core values. The researcher has tried his best by spending time in reading literature on music in Islam put forward by Dr. Hameed Ullah. This article is an endeavor to through light on his views about music and Sufi music and his scholarly work with the goal that his teachings regarding music could be exhibited before the entire world. This article may prove a milestone for the Islamic scholars who are conducting research on music and Islam.

Keywords:

Dr. Muhammad Hameed Ullah, Music, Islam, Peace, Preaching.

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Arabic Articles

AFKĀR Title

Index & Contributors

دور المرأة المسلمة في الحياة الاقتصادية والسياسية في العصر النبوي ودلالاتها الحضارية (دراسة حديثية تاريخية)
The Economic & Political Role of the Muslim Woman during the Prophet’s Era and Its Civilizational Implications (A Historical Study of Hadith)

Abdul Qadir Abdul Karim Gondal

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Language :	Arabic
Pages Nos :	15-28
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

دور المرأة المسلمة في الحياة الاقتصادية والسياسية في العصر النبوي ودلالاتها الحضارية (دراسة حديثية تاريخية)
The Economic & Political Role of the Muslim Woman during the Prophet’s Era and Its Civilizational Implications (A Historical Study of Hadith)

Author/s:

Abdul Qadir Abdul Karim Gondal
Assistant Professor, Department of Usool ud Din, IIU Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Woman is an element of human life, and Islam has taken care of her in all stages of her life, giving it rights that no legislation or system before Islam gave her, and what no human system will give it after Islam, and harnessed her energies and capabilities in building the Muslim society in proportion to her nature and composition. Therefore, we find that the Muslim woman had well-organized and fruitful social, economic, and political participation at the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The Companions (female) of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) played their role in building the society and the nation, and participated in the pursuit of sustenance, work and earning of various kinds in all fields, whether they be commercial, industrial, health, agricultural etc. in accordance with the teachings of Islam so that the Muslim women can contribute to development. The era of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) became renowned for the propagation of many occupations i.e. agriculture, hunting, herding, animal husbandry etc. as trade was noticeably widespread in that era due to the continuation of the fame garnered by the Arab in the field of trade before Islam. The study covers the role of Muslim women through their contributions in the field of economics and politics during the Prophet’s era of effective modals for the developmental role of women in these fields during the era of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)and the demonstration of this milestone which the Muslim women contributed to the Muslim society.

Keywords:

Autonomous Political, Economic and Social Entity, Sharīah

دور الترجمة السمعية – البصرية في نقل الثقافة بين المجتمعات البشرية
The Role of Audiovisual Translation in the Transfer of Culture between Human Societies

Muhammad Nawaz, Naseem Mahmood

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Language :	Arabic
Pages Nos :	33-46
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

دور الترجمة السمعية – البصرية في نقل الثقافة بين المجتمعات البشرية
The Role of Audiovisual Translation in the Transfer of Culture between Human Societies

Author/s:

Muhammad Nawaz
Assistant Professor, Department of Translation & Interpretation, IIUI, Pakistan
Naseem Mahmood
Associate Professor/HoD Islamic Studies, Govt. Allama Iqbal Graduate College, Sialkot, Pakistan

Abstract:

Translation plays an important role of crossing through different cultures and communication. Therefore it is considered one of the major and appropriate means of transferring culture from one society to other. Audiovisual Translation which is gradually becoming a field of academic research within the field of Translation Studies is arguably one of the most common forms of translation. Audiovisual Translation plays a dynamic role in transferring the culture through its various types including dubbing, subtitling and voiceover etc. The production of dubbed and subtitled series and movies in Pakistan is one of the most evident manifestations of transferring Islamic culture among the individuals belonging to various cultures. This research aims at identifying the role of Pakistani dubbed and subtitled series into Arabic in the transfer of Islamic culture to the Arab World. It also highlights the concept of Audiovisual Translation, its famous types including dubbing, subtitling and voiceover.At the end some conclusions and recommendations have been mentioned.

Keywords:

Role, Audiovisual Translation, Pakistani Subtitled, Dubbed Series, Transfer, Pakistani Culture, Arab World.

القواعد الفقهية المتعلقة بالشهادة المستخرجة من كتاب المبسوط مقارناً مع القانون الباكستاني
Legal Maxims related to Evidence extracted from Kītab al- Mabsūt in Comparison with Pakistani law

Jawairia Maryam

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Language :	Arabic
Pages Nos :	47-64
Volume :	6
Issue :	1

Title:

القواعد الفقهية المستخرجة المتعلقة بالشهادة من كتاب المبسوط مقارناً مع القانون الباكستاني
Legal Maxims related to Evidence extracted from Kītab al- Mabsūt in Comparison with Pakistani law

Author/s:

Jawairia Maryam
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Shariah and Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

The Islamic Sharī‘ah addresses all aspects of human needs with respect to their various conditions and states. The Islamic Sharī‘ah comprises two significant elements Islamic law and legal maxims. Islamic legal maxims are one of the most important fields of study in Islamic law. This article deals with the extraction of legal maxims related to testimony from the texts of the expounded book of the ḥanfī school of thought al-Mabsūt. The book was written by a prominent scholar, Sẖams ul Āʼima al- Sarkhsī during the 11th century. The text initially presents a brief introduction to the book. Then, it mainly discusses the study of extracting legal maxims from the book's text and authentication of these maxims from the primary sources of Islamic law, Qurʼān and Sūnnah. Furthermore, the article includes the meaning and endorsement of these maxims in other schools of thought, highlighting the applications of these maxims. In addition, the study briefly compares these maxims with Pakistani law. Finally, the article concludes itself with a few suggestions and recommendations. This study is very significant as the comparison would define the modification of Pakistani law from the Sharī‘ah perspective.

Keywords:

Sẖams ul Āʼima al- Sarkhsī, al-Mabsūt, Sharī‘ah Perspective.

إختصار متن الحديث في مرويات الثقات وأثره على الراوي والمروي

Atteque ur Rahman Zubair