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Man and spirituality happen to have a strong bond with one another. The purpose of study was to explore the views and experiences of contemporary Sufis about mystical spirituality that is also known as Sufism. For this investigation a qualitative approach was employed. On the basis of pilot study a semi-structured interview format was developed. The purposive sampling strategy was used to collect data from eight Sufis. The information obtained from participants was audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed through the technique of content analysis. The researcher concluded the main concern of Sufism, mystical spirituality is focusing the energies towards understanding the divine. This study is pioneer attempt and its theoretical implication rests in its Eastern contribution to the important area of psychology named Sufi psychology.

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Sufism, Mystical Islam, Spirituality, Islamic doctrine, Religiosity, Mystical Spirituality.

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The objective of this article is to analyze the exemption clauses as available in Pakistan’s corporate industry contracts such as insurance, banking and travel industry and their judicial and regulatory controls under the Pakistani, Shari’ah and English contract law principles. Although, the exemption clauses which exclude or limit liabilities of the contracting parties are commonly available in commercial contracts but in Pakistan, mostly these clauses are available in consumer contracts such as insurance, banking and travel industry contracts. This article states that in today’s technology-oriented world, the key progress in the contract area is the common use of the standard printed contracts containing large number of exemptions clauses and terms and conditions in "fine print" limiting, exempting or excluding liability of the suppliers in the widest possible terms. Executing standard printed contracts results in provision of exemption clauses causing commercial exploitations and abuses, however, effective statutory and judicial controls in Pakistan by following Shari’ah and English contract law principles can counter these abuses and exploitations.

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Exemption clause, standard printed contracts, principle of freedom of contracts, inequality in bargaining power, contractual liability

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Education is a resourceful medium of self-reliance, social reconstruction, and sustainable economic development that plays a vital role in human resource development. Education is the power that encompasses the creative qualities of the students. A responsible community emerges from a balanced, coherent, and unified educational system, whereas a confused, reactionary, and radical populace emerges from a disruptive and imbalanced educational system. The education system is one of the major challenges that Take in account. This research paper looks at Pakistan's varied educational system, its impact on youth, and the rapidly increasing radicalism.The objective of this paper is to draw the attention of researchers towards this problem for the diffusion of imbalances, extremism, despondency, and youth radicalization in society. This paper will highlight the problems created due to the divisive educational system of Pakistan. Multiple systems of education e.g. seminaries/religious Madaras, the private educational system (elite educational institutions), government/ public educational system. Quality education satisfies basic learning needs and enriches the lives of learners and their overall experience of living. The problem of radicalization will not be solved unless society develops a unified education system with broad consensus on principles, goals, and objectives, because education is more than just the process of acquiring knowledge and skills; it is also a need to operate with a universal approach that develops individual integrity.

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Madaris, Discrimination, Educational institutions, Radicalization.

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Religion is the only thing which develops human’s personality, doings and sayings. Religion impresses the thinking and becomes the source of doings. Nothing has any comparison with the role of religion on human character building. Religion controls every aspect of life including social issues, trading, mutual behaviors, and customs infect every blend. Religion is the only thing which tells before and after the life, even questions which cannot be answered by human brain like where a man lives before the arrival in this world. Where will be going after death and will he be consumed in soil or will there be any new life. If anyone penetrates physically then thinking will be found. These are the religions which provided us the answers. The western considered that their religion was superior as compare to all other religions. They thought that only their religion was true and other all were false. Only their religion had the spiritual value that was not found in any other religion.

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Religion,Western, Social Issues,Life, True.

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The criminal administration of justice requires strong and confidence- inspiring evidence to prove the allegation against an accused and for this purpose, there are many codified laws. In this modern scientific era, technology has developed several scientific tools to unveil the truths and identity of the accused. The offence of rape and sodomy are generally committed at an out of sight place so that there would be no eye-witness to the occurrence and for this reason, generally, there is no direct evidence. DNA group profiling is a modern instrument through which the identity of the accused can easily be determined. The Pakistani Superior Courts have established the principles for the use and value of the DNA reports and the Courts in their precedents have held, in most of the cases that the DNA report is admissible in evidence and can be relied upon as a strong corroborative piece of evidence. The Federal Shariat Court in its decisions has also encouraged the use of DNA reports. Different Islamic Schools, organizations, and scholars have also appreciated the use of DNA reports.

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DNA, QSO, CRPC, PFSA, SAECKS, FSC, FIQH, QISAS.

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It has been emphasised consistently by United Nations bodies through their resolutions and other instruments that good governance and human rights are mutually reinforcing, and good governance is a precondition for the realization of human rights. A seminar in Seoul emphasized that the mutually reinforcing, and sometimes overlapping, relationship between good governance and human rights needs to be recognized. This paper will begin by elaborating the characteristics of good governance or those attributes on the basis of which good governance can be recognized. After recognizing these attributes, the paper will forge a vital link between human rights and good governance. Good governance has now come to play an important role through human rights instruments. Some of these instruments will, therefore, be identified. Finally, the importance of the link between human rights and good governance for the judiciary of Pakistan will be noted. In the end, we will record some of our conclusions and make some recommendations.

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Good Governance, Human Rights, United Nations, Judiciary, Impartiality.

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Philanthropic activities originally based on religious concepts are considered as an important duty in every religion and culture. Pakistan has a strong tradition of philanthropy in terms of faith and culture. This paper discusses about the philanthropic activities of Pakistan in the context of traditional and current approaches. Still people faced problems such as poverty, natural calamities, war and much more. Due to these factors, poverty is increased and for tackling these problems people participate in philanthropic activities on individual as well as on organizational level. Philanthropic non-government, government and famous personalities encourages people to participate in social well fare activities for others help by indigenous philanthropic method which is practice by local community such as door to door fundraising campaigns, giving to local charity organizations, contribute on religious places such as Masjid and shrines and to street beggars on daily basis. Corporate philanthropy which is practice by enterprises, corporation fixed their donation portion on annual basis for social welfare activities. Descriptive research method is employed for data collection. Finding of the research highlights that both traditional religious and new methods of philanthropic approaches both are applied in Pakistani culture.

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Charity Practices, Philanthropic Potential, Corporate Philanthropy, Charity Organizations.

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Man naturally is attracted towards stories. The message communicated via stories lasts longer in memories than those without having any story form. It effectively imparts the message. From prophets to the commons and from scholars to lay man, each has employed the story telling methodology for effective and result oriented communication. It shows that communicative method of story telling has remained quite successful. Story telling method has been acknowledge as a successful method in modern pedagogy for teaching and preaching. In all religions, the divine communication has also relied on narrative method. Stories always have a great impact in shaping the lives of people. Qur‘ān, the ultimate guidance for the humanity also narrates stories of different prophets and nations to reform people’s beliefs, values and attitudes. These narratives are articulated in various and unique styles which also highlights the miraculous nature of the Qur‘ān. This article is an attempt to shed light on some of the distinctive styles of the Quranic stories. It also aims to focus that inimitable styles in narrating the stories are the I’jaaz of the Qur‘ān and creation’s incapability to present something comparable is the irrefutable evidence that Qur‘ān is the discourse of Allah.

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Qur‘ān, Stories, Styles, Miraculous Narrative Method.

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Just as the Prophet (peace be upon him) is superior to all the Prophets, so are his Companions superior to all human beings. The Companions not only kept safe the Qur'ān by writing, memorizing and practice, but also memorized the hadiths of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The Companions also have the advantage that the biographers have preserved their birographis along with the biography of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). The period of the Companions begins with Prophet’s Apostleship and ends in 110 A.H. Therefore, whoever claimed the companionship of the Prophet after 110 A.H, the narrators refuted him. During the Prophet's revelation time, not only Indian people used to visit the Arabia, but also there are historical proofs for arrival of Prophet’s Companions who visited some regions of present-day Pakistan. Some of them were buried here and some returned after spending some time. In South Punjab, a total of 30 graves are attributed to the Companions, but no definite opinion can be made about any of them. Therefore, on the basis of stories told by hearts about some graves of Companions, it cannot be said with certainty that those graves not belong to the Prophet’s Companions, but there can be no definite acceptance about this as well.

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Christian Minority, Interreligious, Educational Development, Multan.

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Due to the commitment of any crime elimination of rights and obligations is a common practice from ancient times. The objectives of penitentiary were basically not only to provide security to the community but also reform the behavior of the prisoner. But one can observe that these objectives are not accomplished. So, it is important to take a look in the rights of prisoners. The present article discusses the socio-economic rights of prisoners. Being social animal the right of living in a community cannot be taken from prisoners. Similarly, even being prisoners the obligations to support their families remain their responsibilities. But these rights and responsibilities effect badly due to prison. This research shows the analytical study about the existing socio-economic matters of prisoners. That's why a survey is conducted in 6 South Punjab prisons and a questionnaire was given to prisoners and staff to examine the Pakistani laws and their current position in prisons.

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Penitentiary, Prisoners, South Punjab, Social animal, Pakistani Law.

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Marriage has always been a part and parcel of human life. In this regard, Islam being the religion of nature has graced the humanity by giving injunctions that bind the institution of family and ensure the dignity of both male and female. Muslim countries after getting freedom from colonialist rulers have enacted family laws based on Sharī’ah. Traces of modernism and western family laws are found in these laws as many contradictions to Sharī’ah can easily be marked. A new concept of declaring minimum legal age for marriage has been introduced. This research paper presents a critical analysis of this law covering almost all family laws of Muslim countries and . The authors have established the research question that whether declaring a minimum legal age for marriage is advocated by Islamic Sharī’ah and what are those elements that have been observed in forming minimum legal age. This paper concludes that although child marriage is allowed in Sharī’ah as at least two incidents of this kind of marriage have been transmitted from prophetic age but like many other practices these incidents reveal only the legitimacy of this marriage. The principle of Ṣadd al-Ẓarāi’ (Blocking the Means) allows to ban child marriage as Walī (the guardian) in many cases misuse his authority.

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Marriage, Minimum legal age, Muslim family laws, Child marriage.

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Liquidity management in Islamic banks refers to an arrangement in which the bank is required to have enough cash to meet its daily needs(related to assets and liabilities).For example, if depositors want to withdraw money from a bank, the bank must have enough cash to meet their needs. Similarly, if the best investment opportunities are available, the bank still has enough money to buy cheap items easily, otherwise the bank's trust may be lost and the bank may lose the best investment opportunities. At present Islamic banks are using Tawarruq for this arrangement. What is Tawarruq and what is its legal status and whether its use in Islamic banks is permissible or not? All these issues have been studied in this article. Qualitative method has been employed in this research. The author concludes that Tawarruq should not be used as an investment technique and that even in times of dire need of cash, Tawarruq Fiqhi should be adopted, taking care of all the matters which the jurists have said to be adhered to. Author recommends that Shariah advisors keep an eye on all matters that are a backdoor for interest-bearing activities. In order to manage liquidity, the management of the bank should improve its internal operations and in external operations, mutual cooperation between banks should be enhanced, Qard e Hassan and investment in shares should be promoted as well as new products should be invented to manage liquidity.

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Liquidity management, Tawarruq, Islamic banks, Investment opportunities.

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To juxtapose various components in one issue or various issues, and to adopt various jurists’ points of views is called “Talfīq.” In the present radical age of science and technology, each and every social faculty is being radicalized particularly in finance; there are certain complications in the monetary systems of various countries. In this scenario, to concentrate on one school of thought and deduce the solution of these financial issues has now become impossible. That is why, Majlis-e-Shar’ī concentrate on “Talfīq-bainul-Mazāhib”, where various parallel issues are solved. The Majlis has prepared a Shar’iyyah standard where practicable and beneficial financial issues are elaborated. The juarists have elaborated various principles of “Bay’-e-Salam”, and presented various relevant issues taking the insight from various scolars of Mālikī, Ḥanafī, Shāfa’ī and Ḥanbalī schools of thoughts and focused on “Talfīq”. The present research paper the decrees related to Talfīq will be explored, where the jurists have adopted it. Whether it is allowed or prohibited. If it is allowed, to what extent?

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Talfīq Finance, Mushārakah

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Islamic rulings cover belief, worship, and worldly matters. In worldly matters, economics is central to human life. Economics in Islamic is not a mere theory but it is a system, and it has vast applications in society. Any disruption in economic matters disturbs human life. In the wake of this, Islamic jurists have paid a great attention to protect the needs and interests of the people. Islam is a universal and living religion. It is the height of Islamic law that its principles are so comprehensive and perfect that they provide solutions to the problems that arise in every age. In this article, Islamic rules of priority (Usool-e-Tarjeeh) in economic matters have been explored, hence, to highlight the aspect of universality, comprehensiveness, breadth, and convenience of Shariah.

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introduction, rules, preferences, Economic matters

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The political and religious inheritance practice in Pakistani society mostly does not comply with Shariah guidance and merits. Generally, the elder son of the political leader or religious dignitary (especially on saints’ tombs or in Madāris) is considered the successor of the seat irrespective of the fact whether he possesses prerequisite qualities to the seat or not. Usually, the appropriate and suitable persons are ignored. The Islam being an ideal code of life and a complete guidance for the Muslims orders its adherents to follow the merit or legitimacy and choose the most fit individual in such manners, but these teachings are not followed in its true spirit. The rulings and different theories of prominent scholars are presented in this study about this aspect. The research presented discusses the reasons why this violation of merit is against the standards of Shariah. The discussion brings the pros and cons of this inheritance practice in Pakistan defining the legal status and clarity about its permissibility or prohibition. The purpose of the article is to enhance the understanding of the tradition of hereditary succession in religion and politics in the light of Islamic Shariah.

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Political, Religious, Hereditary, Succession, Islamic Shariah, Guidance, Society.

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The basic focus of marketing is to ensure the availability of product for the customer at right place, right time and reasonable price. Promotion is known as one of the vital elements of the marketing mix which includes product, price, and place (distribution). Promotional tools (e.g. advertising, gifts, contests and discounts) are acknowledged as one of the basic element of marketing to aware consumers about products and services which ultimately contribute to the economic progress and development of a society. There is a need to develop general guidelines for achieving marketing goals and corporate objectives in an ethically suitable way. Ethical behavior in promotional activities must be founded on a solid basis of Islamic principles and injunctions. Muslim marketers have to be aware of their position and role in practicing marketing activities. The Qur'anic view about man and his resources should be the basis for designing promotional tools and media strategies. The emphasis of this study is to collect and implement the Islamic point of view about the promotional ethics related to promotional discounts by pointing out the unlawful promotion tactics with suitable recommendations based on fiqh iopinions.

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Gifts, Product, Marketing, Jurisprudetial Review, Promotion.

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The Almighty Allah created the universe to express His existence and greatness. He connected human beings in the bonds of kinship for comfort in their lives. Marriage, the institution of family life, is an important part of the Islamic social system that unites couples in a lawful marital relationship. Before Islam in Arab it was free from any rules and regulations; neither at the start nor at the end, with no concept of honor and dignity for women. In Islamic perspective, marriage is not just the fulfillment of human desires and the satisfaction of natural emotions, but rather marriage is a human instinct just as many other necessities related to the human soul and body. Men and women, in personal life are somewhat independent and socially bound by marriage as well. If the balance of private and social life is maintained, then the atmosphere of home and society presents a view of heaven and if the balance is disturbed, it becomes a part of hell, and some such situations lead to the revocation of this relation. Revocation of marriage is not liked in Islam, but if the situation get worse among husband and wife and it reaches to the level of cruelty, then it is permitted to revocate the merriage to end the injustice.

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Kinship, Marriage, Merital Relation, Injustice, Cruelty, Divorce, Khul’a, Revocate.

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In the current epidemic that the world is going through, different questions are being raised, such as what is Islamic rulings about the performance of collective worship in such a situation? Likewise, matters like I'tikaf, Eid Gatherings, Friday and daily prayers have the status of Islamic rituals. Islamic Jurisprudence releases in exceptional cases regarding these matters at an individual level, but exemption in performing ibadah at a collective level is researchable. This article aims at analysing the exceptions in worship during the pandemic. In addition, a significant discussion is made on the degree of suspicion of contracting the disease is considered for some exception at the individual or collective level. And by what means the assumption is obtained considered a valid Shariah release. Moreover, the author presented an argument that the performance of collective acts of worship is one of the rights of Allah, and saving the lives of others is related to the rights of Manhood. According to Shariah, which of the rights will be given priority when there is a danger of losing life or illness in performing collective acts of worship? There is evidence of exclusion from attending the mosque due to cold and rain on Fridays and congregations during the lifetime of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Also, some release is given to the severe patients, but this was not at the collective level. Therefore, the question remains whether the exclusion from performing acts of worship at the collective level is permissible or not? The article addresses these concerns, and legitimate arguments are made in light of the Qurān and Hadith.

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At present, in the Western world, laws regarding the sanctity of religious holiness are seen as an obstacle to freedom of expression, which is why many international organizations are seeking to remove these laws from the earth. However, freedom of expression does not necessarily mean that a state should leave its citizens like a shattered flock of sheep to express whatever comes to their mind even though it may cause bad blood among other citizens. In addition to Islamic countries, many Western and European countries have laws against blasphemy. Until now, many countries around the world have laws that punish the offender with blasphemy or other religious crimes such as apostasy are present. However, every country has its own set of rules by which a criminal is punished after proper trials. This article gives a brief overview on blasphemy laws, first in Western countries and then in Islamic countries.

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eligious sanctities ,Blasphemy, Religious freedom, Respect other opinion, death penalty۔

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Islam loves beauty and elegance.In Islam, a woman is allowed all kinds of adornments within her limits. In the time of the Prophet, the Ṣaḥābiyāt were specialized in various fields and earned their livelihood through these field.In the time of the Prophet, women used to beautify and adorn themselves. At that time there were many women who were skilled in this art and they used to prepare other women. At weddings they used to prepare brides. It was a source of income for these women. It is an important occupation of women in modern times.The main purpose of this research was to discover the Islamic view point about the woman economic activities. The study was basically planned to address that whether Islam allowed women to take part in economic matters or not? The article delivered a guideline for women of Modern era in the light of economic activities of Ṣaḥābiyāt that how the today’s women could take part into various areas of financial matters by keeping in view the life and economic activities of Ṣaḥābiyāt.The method used for research was historical.

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Elegance, Ṣaḥābiyāt, women, economic activities, Modern era

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Study of those motives and causes, which ley behind occurrence of trends in Sirah writing, is essential and more useful. Since last two centuries, Indian Subcontinent has seen a tremendous movement in this branch of knowledge because of some regional and socio- political reasons. Major effects of this movement were emphasis on authenticity of sirah traditions, defense of sirah from apparently logical but concocted objections of Orientalists and attacks of Christian priests on the life and character of the Prophet (peace be upon him). A tug of war between men of reason and traditionalists is also among the characteristics of this movement. Although Old-styled Sirah writing (compilation of traditions) remained intact, however a key shift towards latest, European styled, analytical study of cause and effect of historical events is seen as phenomenon of this great movement. Another characteristic of this development is that Sirah was presented as a concise wholesome of all essential Islamic educations through life and teachings of the Prophet (peace be upon him). All these new features in Sirah writing, which marked many trending activities, are effects of some causes. This article highlights important causes and their effects of new trends in Sirah writings of Indo Pak subcontinent. Social and political environment of under study period has been discussed in detail. Quotations of eminent scholars have also been obtained and thoroughly analyzed to find those causes which created modern trends in Sirah writing . Conclusions have been drawn through comparative analysis of information after delimitation of area and population of the research. A further study of M.Phil /Ph.D thesis level is suggested for thorough analysis.

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Sirah, Islamic Education, Indo Pak Subcontinent.

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The Last Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the ultimate guide for humankind. With the divine message, he transformed the ignorant tribal society of the Arabic peninsula into the most inclusive and civilized society within a short period. He united the fighting tribes of Arabs who had violent attitudes and fought for a long on some petty reasons. He altered the customs and practices that led to violence. He guided them towards the behaviours needed for a peaceful life. He emphasized honesty, respect, mercy, and compassion. He particularly stressed keeping the social interaction intact, reconciliation among the conflict groups, and preventing fighting. This article deals with the teachings of the Prophet (peace be upon him) for reconciliation among different groups. The discussion initiates with the primary description of the related terminologies and moves on with explaining various principles and ethics of disagreement in the light of Seerah. In addition, substantial research is presented on the causes and harms of conflicts among Muslims. The article also lists the significance of positive differences and the elements to avoid during disputes. This article is highly worthwhile for figuring out the practical solutions to the growing violent sectarianism in Pakistan, which is one of the biggest challenges to the protection of human rights of every citizen, development of the country, security, peace and social harmony in the society.

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Arabic Peninsula, Civilized Society, Social Interaction, Reconciliation.

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Psychological warfare is a helpful weapon that weakens the enemy by defeating a psychological attack. Conversely, psychological warfare creates fear and panic in the enemy. In this warfare, the war is won through various tactics to destroy enemies' morale, depressing troops’ psychological states. This war is more important today than the traditional war, and many countries rely on it. It is significant to mention that this war has played an essential role in Islamic history. The Last Prophet Muhammad (May Allah’s peace and blessings upon him) often used the traits of psychological warfare and won the wars. This article deals with the details and outcomes of the psychological warfare during the lifetime of the Prophet (May Allah’s peace and blessings upon him). Beginning with the various statements on psychological warfare, the researchers chronically described psychological warfare steps taken in all the battles fought by the Prophet (May Allah’s peace and blessings upon him). The interesting factor of the article is the research to bring out the psychological warfare element in all the battles, which is a guideline for contemporary Muslim leaders. The paper is worth reading research as nuclear weapons, ammunition and missiles cannot achieve the goals that come with powerful, integrated and organized weapons of psychological warfare.

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Psychological Warfare, Nuclear Weapons, Psychological Attack, Muslim leaders, Ammunition, Missiles.

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The main reason for education has consistently been capacity building and character advancement of an individual with the goal that he is empowered to be an energetic and helpful associate of his society and carries on with his own life effectively as well as contributes adequately to satisfy the requirements of the general public and its inspire. To accomplish this radiant reason, the curriculum assumes imperative part in the education framework as the entirety structure spins around it. Therefore syllabus improvement is measured to be an incessant and active procedure so that it may cover the needs of society, individual and constantly changing vigorous challenges appropriately. In Pakistan, the core curriculum of the Islamic Madaris, recognized as “Dars-e-Nizāmī”, established by Nizām-ud-Din Sihalvī (1748) during the government of Mughal Ruler Aurangzeb Alamgir (1707). This paper plans to consider the said syllabus and its standards scientifically and to give recommendations for its more viability.

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Education Framework, “Dars-e-Nizāmī”, Nizām-ud-Din Sihalvi, Mughal Ruler, Aurangzeb Alamgir.

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This research study aims at exploring the commandments about the resemblance of infidels with Muslims particularly in dresses, gestures and behavior etc. Islam is the favorite and last religion of Allah Almighty. As Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah Almighty be upon Him) is the last Prophet of God and no prophet can come after Him, similarly no new religion can come after Islam until the Day of Resurrection. For this reason, Islam has become very sensitive in its identity and distinction and individuality. While this religion has its own distinct identity, it also demands from its followers that their actions and behavior, character and conduct should be distinguished from others. Rather, his teachings also tell that the non-Muslims should also maintain their separate individuality, distinctiveness and identity so that it becomes easier to differentiate between Muslims and non-Muslims. Furthermore, the distinction and uniqueness of each religion and group could also be maintained. In this article, it has been mentioned that what is the Shariah status of Imitation of Infidels with Muslims? Is it necessary to maintain it nowadays or not? Or is it not necessary to do so under the influence of a universal or multi-cultural civilization? In ancient times, it was a means of distinction that there were no identity cards, but now, there are identity cards, what will be its status? Islam may demand its followers to follow its teachings, but can it demand the same from non-Muslims? This article also answers to many other similar questions which are discussed in brief too. The style of discussion is kept simple, analytical and narrative.

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Infidels, Muslims, Imitation, Jurists, Society, Shariah, Differences.

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Human society reflects what its individuals do in their daily life. When we observe the individual’s life we will find a combination of good and bad behavior. In misbehave conditions some leads to a high level of the crisis the human history faced this experience many times. This is a general social phenomenon which began with the increase of humans on the earth, and it is continue till today. Crime has great consequences, high costs and implications for social and economic developments of any society and the individual. The crime causes loss of life, property and money, imitating the human movement and the freedom. Therefore, there must be rules, regulations and laws that define the criminal acts and the penalty for each of those whose criminal responsibility is proven through the court of law. This research focused on samples of Joint criminal activities and its responsibilities, took place in early times of Muslim History. If more than one is responsible for any offence, then what is due on all of offenders? Firstly, the Article focuses on meaning of crime; literally and in Shariah view point. The second part of the research explains conditions of least minimum qualification to be liable for any offence briefly. Whereas the sample study of Islamic point of view regarding joint criminal liabilities, punishments with the examples from the Islamic history has been exhibited in the third part of the article in particular.

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Criminal liability, Human society, Joint Crime, Sharia and Law, Jinayah.

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Allah has mentioned in several places of His book the supplications of his righteous believers, and what happened to their tongues of invocations and supplications, in order to teach them to turn to Allah and to pray to Him, and praise that befits His majesty and greatness, and these supplications included lofty meanings and demands Important and varied, in which the belief in the oneness of Allah is manifested, praising Him in what befits His majesty and greatness, and specifying Him to the request, and it also contained what is useful to the believers in their worldly and eschatological matters. Therefore, those supplications can be divided on this basis into worldly demands and eschatological demands, even if they are all of them. In the end, it aims at one goal that is evident through reading in the Holy Qur’an to teach the believers to turn to Allah with praise, glorification, help, and guidance, as is the case in their request and supplication in Surat Al-Fatihah, and to seek refuge in their weakness and shortcomings to their Lord and their Most Merciful Creator by this, declaring their complete obedience, and pure faith, and asking Allah’s forgiveness, mercy, victory and support. This article attempts to pause analytically at these verses, trying to reveal the rhetorical beauty and refined expression of the Qur’an, and present the expressive shapes that have characterized the Qur’anic style, and the subtle stylistic subtleties, and it is in an introduction that talks about the worldly demands that the believers' supplications included. In summary, it is followed by a rhetorical analysis that tries to reveal the rhetorical themes and stylistic kinds in those verses that derive from the three sciences of rhetoric: the meanings, the statement, and the style, so that the reader feels what is in the Holy Quran and its style of expressive beauty, and the sophisticated linguistic style that gives the phrase an impact and grace.

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Quran, Verses, Supplication , Necessities, Rhetorical devices.

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Social unity is the excellent moral of Islam that incites and instructs mutual love and kindness among people. Islam directs harmony, corporation and unity for protection, happiness and prosperous life for all citizens. Islam highly recommends supporting and accompanying people during adversities in all fields of life as per Allah's guidance to help one another in goodness, not in transgression. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that a Muslim is like a building (block) for the other Muslims that strengthens one another. This article deals with social unity that does not limit itself to materialistic aspects; instead, it includes moral elements coping with Muslims, spreading to all state citizens. In addition, it does not deal with only human relations, but it is extended to other creatures too. Research is made in the article to explain that the guidance of the Prophet (peace be upon him) was very vivid in promoting social unity in all spheres of life. A comprehensive discussion is presented to clarify that the teachings of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) are highly significant for establishing mutual cooperation and eradicating selfishness and greed from society. The main objective of the research is to introduce a Prophetic methodology of nurturing social unity to acquire happiness, protection and consistence in the community.

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Harmony, Corporation, Unity for Protection, Happiness, Prosperous life for all Citizens.

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The Arabic language was at its peak in expression, richness, vocabulary, artistic, and poetic value during the lifetime of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The Arabic language achieved its peak in expression and literature during this time. Arabs took great pride in their language and in articulate and accurate speech, it was one of the main essentials for social prominence. Eloquence and the composition of articulate prose or poetry were the superior traits of the Arabs. This research article is aimed to present the poetic excellence of the companions and the trends adopted by them. A thorough analysis is made on the trends of the poetry by the companions. The findings of the research bring about an assertion that the poetry of the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) introduced new trends in poetry such as the war- Poetry, al-Tauhid Poetry, Poetry for the love of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and others exclusive trends. Moreover, they introduced new trends of Islamic poetry as well, including new meaning, values, approaches and morals of Islam. The discourse is presented along with stanzas of the poetry said by the companions and comments are added to explain their distinct characteristics. From various perspectives, this research study has proved that the poetry of the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) has great significance in the Arabic literature, especially in poetry.

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